Social Benefits of Diversifying Residential Units

Social Benefits of Diversifying Residential Units POTENTIAL SOCIAL BENEFITS OF DIVERSIFYING RESIDENTIAL UNITS DESIGN AS SMART GROWTH CITY PRINCIPLE IN URBAN AFFORDABLE HOUSING. Tan Wan Joo1, Lam Tuck Lone2 and Meor Mohammad Fared3 Master in Architecture1,2, Assoc. Professor3 Faculty of Design and Architecture, Universiti Putra Malaysia, Selangor. ABSTRACT In the recent years, urban affordable housing has been experiencing significant high rise residential growth. It is forecasted that the change that over the next 20 years the demographic profile of the municipalitys established suburbs, resulting in the need for a greater range of housing types. With the forecast, Malaysia and Singapore housing development is in the process of diversifying the unit layouts to cater for changing social needs which scenario has yet to be studied. The main purpose of this study is to determine the potential social benefits of diversifying high-rise residential units in the urban affordable housing in the context of Kuala Lumpur and Singapore. Additionally, it identifies the various appropriate high rise residential units design to meet the communitys existing and future needs of housing. By using multiple case studies method, the unit design will be analyzed based on the its size, its provided rooms, its total units and its provided basic facilities and amenities as well as how it benefited the society. Hence, this study significantly shows the prominent of the diversifying residential units design as smart growth city principle in the urban context of Kuala Lumpur and Singapore. Keywords: diversifying residential units design, smart city principle, social benefits, urban affordable housing. RESEARCH QUESTION What are the potential social benefits of the diversifying high rise residential units design towards the society? INTRODUCTION In todays urban development, high density and compact development has been significantly discussed to support the growth in population in the urban context. High rise residential developments, which is also called as vertical living, are strongly promoted in almost every governmental affordable housing planning policy to be set in context of city centre. The current market demands a sense of vibrancy and community in the mixed development that they live in (Bell, 2004). Almost 68% of all Malaysian, which is about 18 millions of Malaysian, have chosen to live in the towns and cities as it shows a relatively high developing of urbanisation in the developing country (Wan Nor Azriyati WAN ABD AZIZ, 2014). As the population growth in the urban context, the needs for more residential housing in the vertical form are desperately getting higher in order to support the change in the different life stages and the housing needs. Likewise, in Singapore, the needs of vertical form of residential housing has been rapidly increased along the growth in the population and the change of different life stages. Hence, Malaysia government has drafted ACT 739 under the Law of Malaysia to set up a body of organisation called PR1MA, Perumahan Rakyat 1 Malaysia, to plan, develop, construct and maintain the high quality of affordable housing. On the other hand, Singapore government has established a public housing authority, which is called Housing Development Board (HDB), to plan and develop the housing estates as well as to transform the town into more comfortable and living environment. There are various projects are being developed and constructed in the recent years, especially in suburban area and urban context. Both of the established organisations have implemented the smart growth city principles. The rapid speed of growth of the ongoing urbanisation in both Malaysia and Singapore has created the opportunities to implement the smart growth city principles in most of the development to avoid the highly inefficient urban sprawl in the urban context. However, one of strategies of smart growth principles stated that a range of housing opportunities and choices should be created and implemented in the development to support the different life stages of community. Therefore, diversity of housing choices in the selected projects has offered greater opportunities to create a more vibrant types of community, meanwhile, it also supports various range of incomes in one development. OBJECTIVES This study aims to analyze the potential benefits of diversifying high rise residential unit design in urban affordable housing to the society. LITERATURE REVIEW What is Smart Growth? Smart growth is defined as a development that supports economic growth, strong communities and environmental health. Smart growth development intended to create high quality of that makes the communities to achieve economically competitive, create business opportunities and strengthens the local tax base. In order to create and maintain great neighborhoods, the Smart Growth Network developed a set of 10 basic principles to guide smart growth strategies. (Anon., 2015) Ten Principles of Smart Growth 1. Mix land uses2. Take advantage of compact design3. Create a range of housing opportunities and choices4. Create walkable neighborhoods5. Foster distinctive, attractive communities with a strong sense of place6. Preserve open space, farmland, natural beauty and critical environmental areas7. Strengthen and direct development towards existing communities8. Provide a variety of transportation choices9. Make development decisions predictable, fair and cost effective 10. Encourage community and stakeholder collaboration in development decisions. By implementing the 3rd principle of Smart Growth, the development must provide a range of housing opportunities and choices to meet the communitys existing and future needs. The provision of quality housing for families of all life stages and income levels is an integral part of the smart growth approaches. There are various reasons that cities should offer a diverse range of housing choices for local residents. By integrating the planning structures for single and multi-family in new residential development, the development itself can support a more diverse population. It also allows more equitable distribution of households of all income levels. Besides, it is leading to create a higher demand for community services and facilities such as malls, schools, health care, office and recreation facilities. Diversifying housing in vertical form has also provided more opportunities in the development that allows the residents to have choices in a small piece of land. However, when the development focuses into one type of housing, it creates a number of potential issues. The development will manage to attract one type of resident, which does not achieve the goal of diverse population in term of age, income level, families and singles. Hence, this approach does not manage to create a sustainable community for the reason being that no single type of housing can serve the various demand of diverse household in todays market. Furthermore, if the types of community are being separated and group by the aspects of income levels, the locals with low income will be forced to accommodate in the suburb area and, hence, the social problems will be increased when the community are being segregated. What is Urban Affordable Housing? The concept of urban affordable housing can be defined as the allocation for rental or instalment must not exceed 30% of the total household income in the urban context (B Bakhtyar, 2012). By that means, the unit of housing can only be affordable if the residents household spend within 30% of its income on the housing costs, including the utilities, for them to live in the urban context where the growth of economic is rapidly increasing. What is PR1MA? PR1MA was established as a government owned company under PR1MA Act 2012 and under the supervision of Ministry of Housing and Local Government. It is established to help the intended demographic of middle income group to manage the cost of living in the context of urban areas. The residential houses are provided in the sustainable community and be priced within the range of RM 100,000 to RM 400,000. However, most of high rise residential development will be planned and further developed in the context of urban areas. Hence, this study will focus into the types of unit layouts of vertical living based on the following projects as the case studies. Case Studies of HDB in Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia 1. PR1MA @ Jalan Jubilee, Kuala Lumpur This development is one of the high rise affordable residential housing project located in the city centre and accessible through Jalan Loke Yew and Jalan Jubilee. This project offered three basic types of unit layout in the total of 543 units in 2.5 acres of land, which is shown in Figure 1 below. This development has included amenities for community, such as surau, community hall, kindergarten, shops, nursery and playground, to ease the community to walk within their compound for the basic facilities. The provision of three basic types of units, which comprise 3 bedrooms with 2 bathrooms for unit type A and C as well as 2 bedrooms with 2 bathrooms for unit type B, has given the opportunities to the small family to set up their family in the urban context. However, the vibrancy of community hardly to be achieved due to the development focuses into standardise the unit layouts into three basic types. Figure 1: Unit Layouts are shown accordingly for Type A (3 Bedrooms 2 Bathrooms), Type B (2 Bedrooms 2 Bathrooms) and Type C (3 Bedrooms 2 Bathrooms). Source: http://www.pr1ma.my 2. PR1MA @ Brickfields, Kuala Lumpur In the context of city centre in Kuala Lumpur, this development is being developed in the area with well-developed infrastructures in the surrounding site as it is accessible through 4 access points, for instance, New Pantai Expressway (NPE), Jalan Tun Sambanthan, Jalan Bangsar and Jalan Syed Putra. It is also located near train stations, Bangsar station and KL Sentral station. The development provides the basic facilities for the residents such as surau, community hall, kindergarten, nursery, gymnasium, playground and shops. However, due to the bigger land size, this development manages to provide more variety of unit layouts with the total of 920 units in 6.37 acres of land. The provision of five basic types of unit layout manages to show that this development has implemented one of the smart growth principles as it creates the diversified of housing choices and opportunities in order to cater a more vibrancy type of community within its own development. The development comprises 1 bedroom with 1 utility and 2 bathrooms for unit type A, 2 bedrooms with 2 bathrooms for unit type B, 2 bedrooms with 1 utility and 2 bathrooms for unit type C, 3 bedrooms and 2 bathrooms for unit type D and 1 bedroom with 1 bathroom for unit type E. See Figure 2. Figure 2: Unit Layouts are shown accordingly for Type A (1 Bedrooms with 1 Utility 2 Bathrooms), Type B (2 Bedrooms 2 Bathrooms), Type C (2 Bedrooms with 1 Utility 2 Bathrooms), Type D (3 Bedrooms 2 Bathrooms) and Type E (1 Bedroom Bathroom). Source: http://www.pr1ma.my What is HDB? The Housing Development Board (HDB) is Singapores public housing authority and a statutory board under the Ministry of National Development. Besides planning and developing Singapores housing estates, HDB also contributes in building homes and transform towns to create a comfortable living environment for all. By provides various commercial, recreational and social amenities in our towns for our residents convenience. HDB flats were built primarily to provide affordable housing to the poor and their purchase can be financially aided by the Central Provident Fund (CPF). Today, as many as 82% of Singaporeans live in public housing provided by the HDB. Case Studies of HDB in Singapore 1. Trivelis HDB, Clementi Avenue 4 Trivelis, a DBSS with 888 units comprises of 3. 4. 5-Room units in three 40-storey towers, and total site area is 21,906.5sqm. it is a development that stands out from the crowd, with its awe-inspiring architecture of striking black and white solid lines. With selling prices start from $390,000 to 770,000, it is a leasehold 99 tenure type of unit (HDB DBSS ).Same as others, this HDB flat has provided basic facilities for community such as playground, precinct pavilion, childcare centre, outdoor fitness station, open courtyard, open plaza, garden footpath and open turf area within its own development. Due to its strategic location in Clementi new town, a destination complete with convenient facilities and amenities such as as shopping mall, Clementi central, community center, masjid, recreational park at Jurong lake and institute such as NUS, Clementi Town secondary school, Japanese School and high school. Trivelis HDB is well located 5 minutes away from Clementi MRT station (East-Wes t line) and Clementi bus interchange, it is convenient to travel anywhere around just by taking public transport. The Trivelis HDB flats provide 3 fundamental types of unit layout, which is 2-Room type, 3-room type.and 4-Room type. The 60 sqm 2-Room type unit comprises of 2 bedrooms with 2 shared bathrooms, the 82 sqm 3-Room type unit comprises of 3 bedrooms with 2 shared bathrooms and the 105 sqm 4-Room type unit comprises of 3 bedrooms with 2 shared bathrooms and 1 study room for alternative uses. By creating a range of housing choices in the development, it supports more diverse population from different income level, ages group and families size to stay. A better balance of demand for community services and facilities will be provided equally such as schools for kids and teenagers, health care for elderly, office for adults and recreation facilities for everyone. Thus creating a sustainable community which serve the various demand of todays diverse household. Figure 3: Unit Layouts are shown accordingly for Typical 2-Room (2 Bedrooms 2 Bathrooms), Typical 3-Room (3 Bedrooms 2 Bathrooms) and Typical 4-Room (4 Bedrooms 2 Bathrooms).   Ã‚   Source: http://www.hdb-dbss.com/trivelis/#tab-floorplan 2. The SkyTerrace @ Dawson HDB flats, Queenstown The 758-unit SkyTerrace is made up of 5 towers of 40 to 43 storeys that sit atop a parking podium. With a Housing-in-the-Park concept, SkyTerrace used extensive and expansive green spaces across both developments. Residents will be greeted with a cascading green terrace on the faà §ade of the multi-storey carpark once enter to the flats. Well designated rooftop garden with landscape at the top level of the carpark will leads residents to an open space, aiding social interaction within the community. These green pockets encourage residents to exercise or even an evening walk within the community, jogging track is providing on the roof garden at the top level. SkyTerrace HDB flats has provided 6 types of unit layout, which is studio apartment type, 2-room type, typical 3-Room type, 3-Room with loft type, typical 4-Room type and 4-Room with loft type. The Studio apartment which combines living/dining area, master bedroom with bathroom, a household shelter and a kitchenette in a single unit. Typical 2-Room layout consists of living dining area, a kitchen with service yard, a household shelter, a shared bathroom, a master bedroom with bathroom and 1 double bedroom. While 3-Rooms layout comes in standard, loft with attached studio apartment configuration for the dual generation living concept. Typical 3-Room layout consist of living dining area, a household shelter, kitchen with service yard, a master bedroom with bathroom, a shared bathroom and 2 bedrooms. On the other hand, the 3-Room in loft type are designated to have living area with balcony, dining area, a household shelter, kitchen with service yard, a master bedroom with bathroom, a shared bathroom and 1 double bedroom on lower floor; another set of living, dining area and kitchen on upper floor with having same concept as studio apartment type, master bedroom with bathroom and an alternative single bedroom turn from family area. Planning of SkyTerrace is perfect for variety income level of people in different stage of life course, it reflected the diversity of housing unit in high-rise. The concept of diversity layout in 3-Room type is suitable for dual generation who having children and elderly parents living together. And also normal household who buy the loft unit as invest and rent out one of the floor to earn extra income. While the studio apartment layout is just nice for 1-2 residents such as growing senior citizen, single-person and married-couple without child. Figure 4.1: Unit Layouts are shown accordingly for Studio Apartment (1 Bedrooms 1 Bathrooms), Typical 2-Room (2 Bedrooms 2 Bathrooms), Typical 3-Room (3 Bedrooms 2 Bathrooms) and Loft 3-Room Type (3 Bedrooms 3 Bathrooms). Source: https://dawsonites.wordpress.com/2014/12/08/floor-plans-suggested-layouts-for-dawson-skyterrace/ Figure 4.2: Unit Layouts are shown accordingly for Typical 4-Room (3 Bedrooms 2 Bathrooms) and Loft 4-Room (4 Bedrooms 2 Bathrooms). Source: https://dawsonites.wordpress.com/2014/12/08/floor-plans-suggested-layouts-for-dawson-skyterrace/ Impact of social benefits forward to the society A diversity of high-rise residential units helps respond to the housing needs of communities at different stage of life course, it helps to provides opportunities for communities where people can move home without leaving their neighborhood. People first preference is often to stay living in their existing neighborhood where friends and support network are already well established. Secondly, greater housing diversity in high-rise residential units can help to fosters more opportunities for a wide range of income groups to choose their ideal housing types in well-serviced locations. Social interaction with neighbor from different background of race, ethnicity, culture and occupation helps in developing good-neighborly friendly relations, thus build up a caring homeland. Besides that, diversifying residential units foster a healthier community through the development of walkable communities. The most sought neighborhood characteristics of all buyers is walkability, living in a healthy community is everyones dream. More and more of us want to be live within a safe and comfortable walking distance of the destinations that meet our everyday needs, such as work, place to shop, eat, services, play and good transportation options that take us to downtown. A provision of walkable community would also contribute to ensure residents health by encouraging walking and cycling as major transportation method. By improve the walkability in the urban city, it helps to reduce the social disadvantage caused by rising fuel prices and transport costs. Residents burden on living expense get reduced, thus guaranteed their quality of life with less stress. CONCLUSION This paper has studied the impacts of social benefits forward to the society for having a diversity of residential units design in the development. Through the analysis of the multiple case studies, it has shown that authority of Singapore has enforced the urban affordable development to have a diversity of residential units design in order to capture the needs of the present and future. Along the process of life-changing cycle, the developments in Singapore manage to foster the opportunities for the community to choose the housing in all the life stages. However, in Malaysia, PR1MA is still struggling in the planning process to capture the vibrancy of communities in most of the projects due to the market demands. Hence, diversity of residential design units not fostered the vibrancy of communities but, it also creates a healthier neighborhood, enhances the economic growth and it reduces the social issues. REFERENCES Anon., 2012. Perbadanan PR1MA Malaysia. [Online] Available at: http://www.pr1ma.my/ Anon., 2015. Smart Growth Online. [Online] Available at: http://smartgrowth.org/smart-growth-principles/ B Bakhtyar, A, 2012. Affordable Quality Housing for Urban Low Income Earners in. Advances in Environmental Science and Sustainability, 4 December , p. 62. Bell, J., 2004. A Mixed-Use Renaissance. Mortgage Banking, 64(8), p. 66. Wan Nor Azriyati WAN ABD AZIZ, 2014. Vertical Living Phenomenon in Malaysia. FIG Congress 2014, 16-21 June, pp. Engaging the Challenges Enhancing the Relevance. Anon., 2015. Public Housing In Singapore-Fulfilling Dreams, Building Homes, Creating Communities, Singapore: Housing Development Board. Bell, J., 2004. A Mixed-Use Renaissance. Mortgage Banking, 64(8), p. 66. Whittlesea, C. o. (n.d.). Housing Diversity Strategy 2013-2033, 14. Petersen, A. (May 2011). Housing Diversity Guide. landcom, 7-8. Singapore Home Decor. (18 Jul, 2016). Retrieved from Amazing HDB estates in SIngapore- tour Sky Ville and Sky Terrace at Dawson: http://www.homeanddecor.com.sg/articles/83176-see-new-face-hdb-housing-dawson-estate (n.d.). Public Housing in Singapore. Singapore: Housing Development Board. Housing Diversity. (n.d.). Retrieved from Healthy Active by Design: http://www.healthyactivebydesign.com.au/design-features/housing-diversity Amazing HDB estates in Singapore- tour Sky Ville and Sky Terrace at Dawson. (18 Jul, 2016). Retrieved from Singapore Home Decor: http://www.homeanddecor.com.sg/articles/83176-see-new-face-hdb-housing-dawson-estate

Developing Positive Assertiveness

Summary Developing assertiveness is more than just learning to speak differently. Being assertive requires thinking assertively, behaving positively and feeling self-confident. We must all make a conscious effort to be consistently assertive. As we learn to become more assertive we reduce our stress, failures, dissatisfactions and conflicts. Developing assertiveness requires effort but the rewards are worth it. Successful behavior change requires thinking and doing. Behavior change is possible once you understand that it is an evolving, ongoing process that can be accomplished by moving through various stages.This essay discusses and describes the different behavioral types along with recipes to lead to successful behavioral change. It examines the effects of positive mental imagery and the self-fulfilling prophecy towards programming yourself towards success. It explores the four steps for powerful assertiveness along with how to deal and prepare for confrontation. Assertiveness is the antidote to fear, shyness, passivity, and even anger, so there is an astonishingly wide range of situations in which this training is appropriate.The case study demonstrates how after assertiveness training employees feel empowered with tools and skills to handle any communication situation. All of us should insist on being treated fairly — to stand up for our rights without violating the rights of others. This means tactfully, justly and effectively expressing our preferences, needs, opinions and feelings. We do this through the development of positive assertiveness. Introduction When we hear the word assertive most people think of someone standing their ground refusing to give an inch and pushing to have their own way.Others think of someone who is stubborn on certain issues but overall a nice individual. Others do not know what assertive behavior really is. Assertive behavior is a natural style while being honest, direct and respectful while interacting with others. Wh y is there a need for assertiveness training books and courses? They are essential as most people do not understand the importance of using assertive behavior. As more and more people develop assertiveness and start to influence others, the awareness and acceptance of this behavior type will increase.Everyone should aspire to be assertive – it is a desirable behavior, it is vital for honest, healthy relationships. It is the behavior necessary for positive outcomes in negotiation, normal business dealings, conflict resolution and also in family life. †The assertive individual is a tower of strength with high self-esteem with clear self-knowledge and able to accept their own shortcomings as well as their strengths. † Figure 1: The Assertiveness Triangle. The Three Main Behavioral TypesNo one is consistently assertive, we all follow these three basic behavioral types depending on the situation: Passive – this behavior is passive and indirect. It conveys a mess age of inferiority. By being nonassertive, we allow the needs, wants and rights of others to be more important than our own. It creates a behavior of â€Å"win-lose† situations. A nonassertive person loses or is disregarded while allowing others to win. This leads to being a victim not a winner. Aggressive – this behavior is complex, it can be either passive or active.Aggression can be direct or non-direct, honest or dishonest. It communicates an impression of disrespect and superiority. Assertive – this is when a person stands up for their legitimate rights in such a way that the rights of others are not violated. It communicates respect for others behavior. It is an honest, direct and appropriate expression of one’s beliefs, feelings and opinions. Figure 2: Assertiveness, graph mode. Figure 3: The different behavioral types. Figure 4: Examples of the different types of behavior.Successful Change of Behavior Successful behavior change requires thinking a nd doing. Behavior change is possible once you understand that it is an evolving, ongoing process that can be accomplished by moving through various stages. Real change comes only after persistent action. The more frequently people perform a behavior, the more habitual and automatic it becomes, requiring little effort or conscious attention. Figure 5: Motivation and ability graph. Figure 6: Target behavior graph showing effects of core motivators. Positive Mental ImageryWhen developing positive assertiveness you will begin to start practicing new ways of expressing yourself and handling yourself. It is a good idea to also practice the technique of positive mental imagery. This is using your imagination to visualize yourself saying and doing things successfully and assertively. Envision situations in which you see yourself being assertive, feel confident, powerful and effective. Only imagine positive outcomes. Think of positive mental imagery as being proactive in the journey of deve loping positive assertiveness.Four P’s of Successful Change Any type of change whether big or small can be challenging. For many, large scale change only occurs when after a traumatic experience. However, one does not need a traumatic upset to prompt change. To make a successful change, you do need to be prepared. There are 4 rules which help to retain these changes. 1. Protection – Change is often very scary. One of the reasons we do not change is because of fear. Our fear can be vague but enough to sabotage successful change. Having protection can help to stick with a commitment to change.It may be best to start your successful assertiveness in an environment which feels very safe. Change one thing at a time – slow and steady wins the race. 2. Potency – Change is an active process not a passive process. It is necessary to put in some mental effort, emotional involvement and physical activity. To tap into your potency: define your goal in simple, active, positive words. Write down your change goal and display it where you can see it every day. Imagine practicing your goal of positive assertiveness and visualize yourself doing this with ease. . Permission – Each of us requires permission of change ourselves. Be sure to give yourself permission to change. 4. Practice – To become skillful with any behavior requires practice. A large amount of practice may be needed before your new behavior becomes natural and integrated into daily life. Develop a practice schedule, be specific about how often, when and where. Record your efforts and successes. Self-Fulfilling Prophecy The self-fulfilling prophecy is a statement that alters actions and therefore comes true.For example, a person stating â€Å"I’m probably going to have a lousy day,† might alter his actions so that such a prediction is fulfilled by his actions. This may be an unconscious gesture. A person who embraces the self-fulfilling prophecy in a positive way â€Å"I’m going to have a great day† might act in ways that will actually make this prediction true. Programming Yourself for Success If you want to program yourself for success you will need to understand that if you only put rubbish into your head, you will only ever get trashy results in your life!The human minds works just like a computer- when it comes to basic programming the same basic rules apply: if only negative stuff goes in then only negativity will come out. If you want to program yourself for success then you need to lock your mind against every single thought that is not coloured with success and covered with positivity. Many people struggle with reprogramming themselves for success because although they practice positive thinking, they visualize and say their affirmations, negativity is still the predominant factor in their lives.It is not the affirmations and the visualizations that are getting in the way, but rather the thoughts and the feelings that are active the rest of the time! The only way you are going to program yourself for success is to go on the offensive, and to make a conscious effort to not only have a constant intake of positive, success-filled thoughts and feelings, but to also avoid any thoughts and feelings that cancel out your success-driven mentality. The Four Steps for Powerful Assertiveness There are four basic steps that can help you to become more assertive in everyday dealings with others.Step 1: Repeat the Question or Statement To add power to your assertiveness the first thing to do is to repeat the question. Ensure that you have good eye contact and speak with confident, assertive voice tones. It may be necessary to emphasize certain words the second time to increase the chances of getting your point across. Step 2: Command, don’t ask If the person continues to refuse to co-operate, switch from asking to commanding. Being directive tends to sound more powerful than a request to most.Learn to use the request for the majority of people, the average person will hear your request as polite and appropriate, there is less risk of sounding pushy. If the request does not produce results then change the request to a command. Step 3: Add Some Emotion If your efforts are still unsuccessful you can add emotion as another way to add power to your assertiveness. People are unaccustomed to open emotions and honesty and by using these you can add significant power to your communication. Step 4: Introduce Consequences By introducing consequences it is a final way to add power to your assertiveness.They are not threats, they are simply statements of what your intentions are if you do not get co-operation. Consequences need to be stated in advance to give the other person a chance to change their behavior. Consequences need to be strong and believable, the action needs to be something undesirable. You must be willing to follow through on the consequence if necessary. If you are tested by the other person and you do not take the action you said you would, you will lose all credibility and power not just with that person but perhaps also with others.Case Study Assertiveness training helps administrative assistants forge positive relationships with internal and external customers. Situation: A college recognised that its administrative assistants work with a range of internal and external customers and assertiveness training with this these employees could have a positive impact throughout the organisation. This group also tends to be passive. Challenge: The administrative assistants report to multiple faculty members, and they felt powerless to effectively juggle the assignments of multiple bosses.As the university's face to the customer (students), polished communication skills would enable them to more effectively communicate with these customers. Solution: The college hired Mary to present a communication workshop for this group. Mary customised training focused on assertive communication skills and how to work with difficult people. Also, the group participated in a personality assessment to gain insight into their individual communication style and, with role playing, learned how to communicate with people who have different communication styles.Results: The college invites Mary to conduct a communication workshop for this group every year, focusing on various communication aspects. Participants rave that the workshops are interactive and relevant to their job. They feel empowered with tools and skills to handle any communication situation. Dealing with Confrontations Many people cannot handle confrontation and start to shake, they lose control of their voice pitch and cannot control their thoughts. It is frustrating when someone is putting you down and you cannot argue back as you have a touch of confrontation jitters.It is the ‘Flight or Fight’ syndrome kicking in as it pumps adrenaline through your body in readiness of ge tting your body prepared to either ‘Flight’ or ‘Fight’. Some tips to deal with confrontation: * Take a deep breath, this lowers your heartbeat and blood pressure. * If you can, take five minutes to rehearse what you will say. Make key points for your argument. * Realise what triggers your anger and prepare a response to that trigger. By doing this you are aware of what buttons others can push to provoke a certain response.When you know your own triggers it is less likely that someone can push these buttons as you are prepared. * Make the other person aware of how confrontational they are being such as ‘why are you being so confrontational? ’ this turns the energy back on them and lets them reflect on themselves. This may calm them down as most people get lost in the moment and do not realise they are being aggressive. * Don’t get sucked into other people’s arguments where the purpose is to manipulate you into loosing and thereby s howing the other person that they are superior.If you don’t get sucked in there is no argument to win and you will come out looking the better person. Figure 7: Conflict Management Model. Conclusion This essay has examined the positive effects that assertiveness can have on your social and business interactions. It is an ongoing development process where you need to be actively involved in modifying your behavior patterns. Assertiveness includes the right to choose not to assert yourself. There is no rule saying that you have to assert yourself all the time and in some situations you may feel it is better not to say anything.Generally, though, you are likely to find that being more assertive has a significant positive impact on your life. Because some people want to be â€Å"nice† and â€Å"not cause trouble,† they â€Å"suffer in silence,† and assume nothing can be done to change their situation. We appreciate pleasant, accommodating people but whenever a nice person allows a greedy, dominant person to take advantage of them, the passive person is not only cheating themselves but also reinforcing unfair, self-centered behavior in the aggressive person.True assertiveness means without aggression, guilt or fear. It is far more effective in the long run and infinitely more satisfying. Winning others to your way of thinking, the legitimate way, is much more fun. By choosing to be assertive and by following the steps outlined in this essay, you will know that you have the power over any situation, over your own feelings and stress levels. Recommendations Being assertive is being able to express yourself with confidence, without resorting to passiveness, aggressiveness or manipulative.By developing assertiveness and being aware of your strengths and weaknesses you can learn how to modify your behavior in both social and work interactions, therefore enhancing your career prospects and improving your social life. Practice your skills on so meone you are unlikely to meet again. If you fail, realise where you have gone wrong and try again. Attending workshops and seminars can be extremely valuable especially when given the opportunity to use role-play to uncover your response in various interpersonal situations. Assertiveness is closely linked to self-esteem and body language so it is important to build on these ideas too.The Irish Training and Educational Centre (ITEC) run an ‘Assertiveness at Work’ distance learning course online for a fee of â‚ ¬330 covering 6 modules. This course can be signed up for online (https://www. irishtraining. ie/business/assertiveness_work. html) or by phoning ITEC on 01-2897579 Appendices Figure 1: The Assertiveness Triangle Figure 2: Assertiveness, graph mode. Figure 3: The different behavioral types. Figure 4: Examples of the different types of behavior. Figure 5: Motivation and ability graph. Figure 6: Target behavior graph showing effects of core motivators.Figure 7: C onflict Management Model. Bibliography Johnson J, â€Å"Developing Assertiveness†, First Edition, James Madison University, MA USA, 2004 Lloyd S, â€Å"Positive Assertiveness†, Third Edition, Thomson Learning, Boston MA USA, 2002 Mullen P, â€Å"Management/Supervisory Skills†, Logicert, Cork 2003 References https://www. irishtraining. ie/business/assertiveness_work. html https://www. ciltuk. corg. com/theknowledgecentre http://www. wisegeek. com/what-is-a-self-fulfilling-prophecy. htm Aitchison, S. , â€Å"7 Tips For Dealing With Confrontation† http://www. stevenaitchison. o. uk/blog/7-tips-for-dealing-with-confrontation, June 6, 2011 http://www. sandiego. edu/slic/images/3%20types%20interpersonal. pdf http://www. donnaschilder. com/Inspirational-Articles/Relationships/7-Steps-to-Positive-Assertiveness. shtml http://psychcentral. com/blog/archives/2010/02/25/building-assertiveness-in-4-s teps/ http://s-wagner. tamu. edu/classes/KINE%20214/teachingstrategi es. pdf http://my. safaribooksonline. com/book/personal-development/1560526009/ensuring-successful-change/14#X2ludGVybmFsX0ZsYXNoUmVhZGVyP3htbGlkPTEtNTYwNTItNjAwLTkvMTQ= http://www. odayisthatday. com/how-to-program-yourself-for-success-by-locking-down-your-mental-hard-drive/ http://www. deseretnews. com/article/705323554/Successful-behavior-change-requires-thinking-and-doing. html http://www. improvementtower. com/Assertiveness_in_Work_Place. html HTTP://CALLTHESHRINK. BLOGSPOT. COM/2009/04/ASSERTIVENESS-TRAINING. HTML http://www. strategicinsight. biz/index. php? option=com_content;view=article;id=56;Itemid=60 ——————————————– [ 1 ]. Mullen, Pat â€Å"Module 4, Management/Supervisory Skills† (2003) Pg. 60

Essay on Four Market Structures in Australia - 865 Words

NAME: LKHAGVASUREN KHURELBAATAR ID: EMV 20110 ------------------------------------------------- Individual Essay Four Market Structures in Australia. NAME: LKHAGVASUREN KHURELBAATAR ID: EMV 20110 ------------------------------------------------- Individual Essay Four Market Structures in Australia. Introduction Market structure reflects all the most important aspects of the market - the number of firms in the industry, the type of product produced, the possibility to enter and exit of firms, number of customers, the ability of a single firm to influence the market price. The lower the firms ability to influence the market, the more competitive the industry is considered. In the limiting case where the degree of†¦show more content†¦The main objective of marketing in a monopoly - to control the market and to maintain the uniqueness of the product. Examples of companies in Australia: Telstra, Energy Aus. 2. Oligopoly occurs when a small number of suppliers control a significant share of supplies. In this case, each of the suppliers to take into account the reactions of other suppliers to changes in market activity. Products manufactured oligopoly may be homogeneous, e.g., aluminium or differential such as cigarettes and automobiles. For example, due to the fact that it requires a huge financial cost, very few companies can afford to enter the market of oil refining or production of steel. In some industries, requires a certain level of technical and marketing skills, which is an insurmountable barrier for many potential competitors. Companies on the oligopolistic market try to avoid price wars due to the fact that this approach is costly to all involved in the war. Examples of companies in Australia: Toyota, Ford, British American Tobacco. 3. Monopolistic competition Monopolistic competition occurs when potential competitors of the company are trying to develop a differential marketing strategy in order to capture market share. There are several firms, but different marketing structure, although similar products. For Example: Coles, Wolly, Aldi, IGA they all sellShow MoreRelatedEssay about The Structure of Australia’s Banking Industry1252 Words   |  6 PagesThe structure of Australia’s banking industry is similar to that of an oligopoly, which poses the threat of minimising competition. The structure, performance and conduct of banks are important as they ensure that they act competitively, however in Australia the market is dominated by four major banks threatening competition. The structure in the Australian banking industry is fairly oligopolistic, decreasing the amount of competition evident in the market. Performance of the dominating banks hasRead MoreThe Retailing Industry Of The Australia1699 Words   |  7 Pages An Essay on the Retailing Industry of the Australia Kush Mahajan Ekm3050 Introduction This essay will explore the retail industry of the Australia. The nature of the market structure of the retail industry is oligopolistic. There are two major supermarkets in the retail industry of the economy, and they are playing the role of dominant firms of a prevailing price leadership model of the retail industry. Therefore, this analysis will focus on the activities of the two supermarkets in theRead MoreProcedures Used by Pepsi-Bottlers Australia1485 Words   |  6 PagesPROCEDURES USED BY PEPSI-COLA BOTTLERS AUSTRALIA Executive Summary The purpose of this report is to identify and explain the procedures used by the Coca Cola Company’s major competitor, Pepsi Cola Bottlers Australia (PCBA). These procedures include three of the four key business functions: Operations, Marketing and Employment relations. These business functions work together in order for the business to operate efficiently and achieve the business’s goals. PCBA’s Operations The OperationsRead MoreAn explanation of monopoly, oligopoly, perfect competition, and monopolistic competition - a detailed overview946 Words   |  4 PagesThe Australian market is a diverse economic ocean - it has different species of marine life (industries), different swells (market structure) and even hot and cold spots (public companies). One of the key determinates to a successful national economy is the structure of its markets. The main market structures are: 1. Monopoly 2. Oligopoly 3. Perfect Competition 4. Monopolistic Competition Each of these market structures have unique characteristics, and can be classified according to threeRead MorePestel Analysis - Banking in China1112 Words   |  5 PagesShanghai, Shenzhen, Tianjin, Dalian, Guangzhou, Zhuhai, Qingdao, Nanjing and Wuhan. †¢ Foreign Banks enjoy a 15% tax rate compare to 33% for local banks. Economic Factors †¢ The economy has changed from a centrally planned one to a more market-orientated economy that has a rapidly growing private sector and is a major player in the global economy. †¢ China is the second largest economy in the world after the United States measured on a Purchasing Power Parity basis. †¢ China’s perRead MoreThe Impact Of Cultural Dimensions On Nation s Growth Of Service Innovation Essay1110 Words   |  5 Pagesnational cultures. Organizational structures are decided by who has the power to take decisions (dependent on PD dimension) and what rules and procedures are needed to arrive at a decision (dependent on the UA dimension). The combination of these dimensions yields a four-quadrant framework (based on the combination of low and high values of UA and PD), each of which represents certain profiles of organizations. These four organizational models are: machine, market, pyramid and family. Each quadrantRead MoreCompany Structure : Bat Is Controlled By A Board1385 Words   |  6 PagesCompany structure: BAT is controlled by a board which is responsible for the vision and strategic direction of the company, which include—group policies, major corporate activities, annual report approval, budget, etc102. Below the board, there are two mai n boards as shown below103. Management Board – responsible for the implementation of the group’s strategy and policies, the framework for daily operations of operating subsidiaries. This board consists of 12 senior group executives, theRead MoreGdp Growth And Other Economic Indicators1408 Words   |  6 Pagesshows development in economic leading to improvement in living standards. On the other hand, Australia GDP has shown a positive increase over last decade (Babihuga, 2007). The economic level has improved in every sectors gradually in a dynamic progress. The living standards index is likely equivalent with the United States capacity in relation to the population in respective countries. The political structure in the United States has contributed to the development of economic growth. Political stabilityRead MoreCase Study : Telstra Corporation Limited949 Words   |  4 PagesGroup Assignment Telstra Introduction Telstra Corporation Limited (known as Telstra) is Australia s biggest and leading telecommunications and media organization operating since 1901, which creates and runs telecommunications systems and markets voice, mobile, web access, pay TV and other entertainment items and administrations. In Australia Telstra provide 16.9 million mobile services, 7.2 million fixed voice services and 3.3 million retail fixed broadband services and that’s why we have an globalRead MoreThe Market Of Monopoly, Oligopoly And Duopoly Monopoly1275 Words   |  6 PagesIntroduction There are different types of market situation a firm has to face which directly affect the price and the quantity demanded and supplied in the economy. The major types of market structures prevalent in the economy are perfect competition, monopolistic market, monopoly, oligopoly and duopoly. Here, in this essay we will be elaborating about three market conditions i.e. monopoly, oligopoly and duopoly where monopoly is characterized by single seller in the market selling unique products with high

Analysis Of The Article On Being An Atheist - 1504 Words

Theists and atheists have debated the existence of God for eons. Is there a God? If there is an all-powerful, omniscient being of sorts, then what proof do we have that he exists? If God does exist then why is there so much evil in the world? Why do innocent people suffer? Such questions may never be answered definitively. In the article â€Å"On Being an Atheist,† H.J. McCloskey presents some arguments made by theists in favor of the existence of God and then proceeds to debate those arguments from an atheistic perspective. The arguments discussed include the cosmological argument and the teleological argument. McCloskey also discusses the problem of evil and how it can serve as evidence that God does not exist. McCloskey offers some thought-provoking and opinions in his article, but they do not serve to completely discredit the arguments and ideas that theists present to favor the existence of a benevolent and omnipotent God. Most theists Christians will say with certainty that there is a just, all-powerful, all-knowing, loving God that is the Creator of the Heavens and the Earth. Those of us who make this claim say this not only because of faith, but by personal experiences, the wonder of the perfection of human creation and nature, our innate morality and ability to think, and many other reasons. The world and the universe are so strange and miraculous; there simply MUST be a God! McCloskey raises possible questions and uncertainties that can be found within theseShow MoreRelatedAnalysis Of The Article On Being An Atheist 1538 Words   |  7 Pagesexistence of a divine being includes the cosmological argument and the theological argument. However there are some who oppose these arguments and philosopher H.J. McCloskey is among this group. In the article â€Å"On Being an Atheist† written by H.J. McCloskey, he argues that both these arguments are false and insufficient as it relates to â€Å"proof† of God’s existence. McCloskey believes that without proper proof, we must completely dismiss the idea of God’s existence. In his well-written article he offers a fewRead MoreAnalysis Of The Article On Being An Atheist 1558 Words   |  7 Pagesof a divine being includes; the cosmological argument and the theological argument. However, there are some who oppose these arguments and philosopher H.J. McCloskey is among this group. In the article â€Å"On Being an Atheist† written by H.J. McCloskey, he argues that both these arguments are false and insufficient as it relates to â€Å"proof† of God’s existence. McCloskey believes that without proper proof, we must completely dismiss the idea of God’s existence. In his well-written article, he offers aRead MoreAnalysis Of The Article On Being An Atheist1136 Words   |  5 Pages H. J McCloskey in his article, On Being an Atheist, is trying to show the readers are more reasonable and comfortable belief than that of Christianit y. In the article he also puts up an argument concerning two theistic point of which is the cosmological and teleological argument. McCloskey also talks about the problems resulting from all the evil in the world. He goes as far to point out this evil in a world the God had made and blames God for it. Due to that fact and other issues, he believesRead MoreAnalysis Of The Article On Being An Atheist 1634 Words   |  7 PagesH.J. McCloskey is an author who expresses his belief in atheism through his work. In 1968, He published an article called, â€Å"On Being an Atheist†. His view of God and the Christian belief is well thought out and addressed, however, in this essay I will be responding to some of his atheistic views and will be attempting to respond to them from a theistic worldview approach. In the article McCloskey, chooses to use the word â€Å"proof† instead of the word â€Å"theory†. By doing this he is making his argumentRead MoreAnalysis Of The Article On Being An Atheist 1290 Words   |  6 Pagesexistence of a divine being includes the cosmological argument and the theological argument. However there are some who oppose these arguments and philosopher H.J. McCloskey is among this group. In the article â€Å"On Being an Atheist† written by H.J. McCloskey, he argues that both these arguments are false and insufficient as it relates to â€Å"proof† of God’s existence. McCloskey believes that without proper proof, we must completely dismiss the idea of God’s existence. In his well-written article he offers a fewRead MoreAnalysis Of The Article On Being An Atheist 1794 Words   |  8 PagesH. J. McCloskey wrote the article â€Å"On Being an Atheist† in 1968 giving his reasons for rejecting God. He attempts to define God all while dismissing Him at the same time. He focuses on one of the most difficult things to explain in general which is evil and suffering in the world, yet we claim to have a perfect, and loving God. Though McCloskey desires proof and critiques the cosmological and teleological arguments against Gods existence, the most reasonable explanation for the universe itself isRead MoreAnalysis Of The Short Article On Being An Atheist 1714 Words   |  7 Pagesof Evil H. J. McCloskey is the author of the short article â€Å"On Being an Atheist†. He has also written many more books on the support of atheism. For this essay we will be looking at his article â€Å"On Being an Atheist†. In his article, McCloskey examines many Christian arguments for the existence of God. McCloskey not only says that Christians are wrong in using these arguments but he critically analyzes them from the view point of a devout atheist. While H. J. McCloskey gives his strong beliefs onRead MoreAnalysis Of The Article On Being An Atheist By H. J. Gilman1664 Words   |  7 PagesIn the article, â€Å"On Being an Atheist† by H. J. McCloskey’s, he makes several arguments as â€Å"proof† of God’s non-existence to support his atheism. He attacks arguments made by advocates on the existence of God. The arguments argued by Theist are not arguments for proof of God’s existence but are arguments for definitive beliefs of Godâ €™s existence. Any argument on proving the Almighty God’s existence is unsatisfactory. The Theist does not attempt to offer â€Å"proof† of God’s existence but rather offerRead MoreArticle Analysis of H J McCloskeys On Being an Atheist2019 Words   |  8 PagesIn some ways, it is refreshing to read H.J. McCloskeys article, On Being an Atheist. Most people assume atheists are simple nihilists who do not subscribe to any sort of convictions or beliefs. The authors text, however, refutes this conventional viewpoint by producing several reasons for embracing atheism, many of which are studied and labored counterarguments to typical claims of theists. The most important part of this essay is found in its opening paragraphs, in which the author makes a veryRead MoreThere s No Heaven By Salman Rushdie930 Words   |  4 Pagesof the same feelings as those expressed by author Salman Rushdie in his article Imagine There s No Heaven. In his article, Rushdie explains to his readers the faults with religion and explains to them how religion itself is holding humankind back from achieving much greater. Authors like Akinfenwa Oluwaseun also share supporting views and provide important evidence that support Rushdie s argument. In Oluwaseun s article, The Role of Religion in Modern Society: Masses Opium or Tool for Development

Female Pirates - 2921 Words

Female Pirates Kristina A. Paxton (Shaarda) Excelsior College Women have been held to have particular power over the sea. There is an ancient superstition that women are not good for ships. The contradiction between woman as sea power and woman as a sea jinx is hard to understand. Women pirates however rarely brought bad luck to a ship, they were actually very good luck, and their loss to a ship often brought an end to that ships sailing days. The women that sailed the seas came from all walks of life; there were royals such as Queen Teuta of Illyria who sailed in the 200’s B.C., as well as the Irish seafaring clanswoman, Grace O’Malley, who was practically royalty in that culture in the 1500’s. There were also illegitimate daughters†¦show more content†¦After some time sailing she also served as a soldier in both infantry and cavalry units, very often proving braver and more courageous than her fellow soldiers. While serving as a soldier she fell in love with one of her comrades, and found a way to let him know s he was a woman, and shortly thereafter they married. After they were married, Mary and her new husband left the service and set up a restaurant where their former comrades could come and eat. However, not long after they opened the restaurant Mary’s husband died and the war ended, leaving Mary with no spouse, and no income since the soldiers no longer came to eat at the restaurant. She gave up her restaurant and went back into sailing. Eventually the ship she was on sailed to the West Indies where it was captured by pirates, whom she eventually joined. Initially Mary Read had no intentions of becoming a pirate as it was something â€Å"she always abhor’d† (Defoe, 1999, p. 146), and she was not planning on staying on that ship. Her intentions to leave the ship changed when she fell in love with another pirate. Her new love had run into trouble with a much larger pirate than him, fearing the worst for her love, she picked a fight with the same pirate and schedule d him to a duel, killing him two hours before her lover was to fight him. Mary’s life as a pirate came to an end in 1720, when the ship she and her crewmates were captured andShow MoreRelatedGoblin Market and Bloody Chamber1213 Words   |  4 Pagesï » ¿Nicole Broeke Professor C. Brady English 201 4 December 2014 Female Heroism In both Goblin Market and â€Å"The Bloody Chamber†, women face objectification as pornographic objects whose solitary purpose is to be a man’s appealing possession. Evidently, the objectification of women impacted the way each author constructed their texts. Feminist movements aiming to undermine these rigid female and male roles are prominent in the time period of both literary works. Both Christina Rossetti and Angela CarterRead MoreAnalysis of The Pirates of the Caribbean: The Curse of the Black Pearl Poster783 Words   |  4 Pages Design Analysis Essay BCM 110 In this essay I am going to analyse the movie poster for the film ‘Pirates of the Caribbean : The Curse of the Black Pearl’ . This film was released in 2003 directed by Gore Verbinski and it was a huge Box-Office hit and had great reviews . It also made Johnny Depp the superstar he is now and it stars other actors such as Orlando Bloom and Keira Knightley . The genre of the film is an action adventure film with lots of other elements in it . Read MoreA Brief Biography of Keira Knightley1123 Words   |  5 Pagesthe movie was very strong, especially among young female athletes. The film earned a respectable $32.5 million in America. Much of its success was due to the chemistry between Knightley and Nagra, whose believable friendship was at the center of this coming-of-age story. Bend it like Beckham was a big hit, but nothing like what was to come next. Keira beat out 75 other young actresses for the part of Elizabeth Swann in the Disney movie Pirates of the Caribbean: The Curse of the Black Pearl. SheRead MoreThe Origins Of The Gothic Culture1558 Words   |  7 Pagesfashion always being recycles by looking at pirates’ clothing. Gothic fashion can be inspired from different sources like pirates. Pirates were outlaws because of they robbed other ships of their treasures. This made the idea of the pirate’s style of clothing appealing to Goth culture because they want to disconnect from society’s social norms just like the pirates did. In medieval times, pirates typically wore loose shirts that had long sleeves. Pirate style of shirts wornby the Goth culture usesRead MoreYay for Feminism in the 1700s!1265 Words   |  6 PagesAnne Bonny and Mary Read are the two most famous women pirates. Though there were many other female pirates, they arent quite as well known. Each of their stories should be first told s eperatly, in order to efficiently understand their story. Anne Bonny was born illegitimately to a lawyer named William Cormac and the maid under his employ, Mary Brennen somewhere near Cork, Ireland and sometime between 1697 and 1700. When their affair became public he, his mistress, and his new daughterRead MoreGender Roles Peter Pan1247 Words   |  5 PagesGender Roles in Peter Pan J. M. Barrie’s Peter Pan tells the story of â€Å"the boy who never grew up.† Barrie paints Peter as an extraordinary character living in a mystical world called Neverland, flying through the air, and fighting villainous pirates. He is also the boy who takes a young girl named Wendy from England back to Neverland with him. The interaction and interdependence of Barrie’s two characters, Peter and Wendy, symbolize and spread cultural gender stereotypes by mirroring the stereotypesRead MorePeter Pan Reflection1097 Words   |  5 PagesDisney in 1953. It’s about a boy, who goes to see Wendy Darling and her brothers, John and Michael, bringing them to Neverland. They go on many of adventures such as seeing â€Å"The Lost Boys, mermaids, meeting Native American tribes, and a group of pirates lead by Captain Hook. I selected this movie because it is my favorite childhood movie, despite my knowledge of its many faults. It is my favorite movie because I relate t o the kids who never want to grow up; I wish I never had to grow up and couldRead MoreDifferent Times, Different Ideals1267 Words   |  6 Pagesmother-like figure and a harlot. Throughout the novel, all the female characters must either be parental or crave the companionship of a male character, which often results in jealousy. Wendy and Tinker, being the two main female characters of the story, represent these two different types of women acceptable in the Victorian Era. Wendy, who is a mother-like figure to the Lost Boys and a female accomplice for Peter, seems to be the only female character in the novel that is a â€Å"fitting† women of the timeRead MoreThe Impact Of Nazi Policy On The Young People1242 Words   |  5 Pageswere independent groups who were against the Nazi party’s affairs with young people. Illegal youth groups include the Najavo Gang, Kittelbach Pirates, Swing Movement and the Edelweiss Pirates. These groups opposed Nationalist Socialist views and defied the youth movement. The Edelweiss Pirates emerged circa 1930’s and the gang consisted of male and female teenagers of ages 12 to 18 in the work-force and received good pay. They often provoked and beat up members of the Hitler Youth. After receivingRead MoreJohnny Depp: A Truely Unique Actor1341 Words   |  6 Pagesnot have soul, Johnny Depp is truly a one-of-a-kind actor. With a spectrum of characters Depp has played, ranging from Edward Scissorhands in the movie Edward Scissorhands (1990), to playing his role in 21 Jump Street (1987), up until the recent Pirates of the Caribbean (2003), he is involved in roles that â€Å"only the likes of Depp can pull off† (â€Å"Johnny Depp†, 1). Although coming from rebellious teenage years and many â€Å"ups and downs of his personal life† (â€Å"Johnny Depp Biography†, 2), the actor has

Green Building And Zero Energy Trends Environmental Sciences Essay Free Essays

string(96) " The energy that is so harvested is either used throughout the abode or fed back into the grid\." As we move into the twenty-first Century, new and unplanned fortunes are get downing to determine our lives, our architecture and our metropoliss. It is going clear that the impact we ‘re making on our milieus is holding an consequence on the well being of our planet and its ecosystems every bit good as our populations, motivating us to eventually take action towards a better hereafter. Global heating and it ‘s formidable menaces have scared us and given corporations incentive to market its relinquishing, which at times is identical as to whether or non these are honest efforts or merely catchs. We will write a custom essay sample on Green Building And Zero Energy Trends Environmental Sciences Essay or any similar topic only for you Order Now Similarly, the statement on whether or non we are in at hand danger is merely as controversial. The follow up to this reaction has been an overpoweringly undisputed motion toward eco-friendly tactics in a figure of professions including concern, medical specialty and architecture, merely to call a few. However, in the terminal all of this predication breeds the coevals of new types, coercing us to re-think the manner that we live. For architecture, these creative activities come in the signifier of zero-energy and green edifices. Zero-energy edifices ( ZEB ) are edifices that use zero-net-energy ingestion and breathe zero-carbon emanations. They are convenient in that they can be used autonomously from the energy grid supply and energy can be harvested on-site. Although these edifices are province of the art, there is a trade off between pecuniary cost and the benefit that they offer. Green edifices should non be confused with zero-energy edifices, nor are they reciprocally sole from being zero-energy. Green edifices by and large differ from zero energy edifices in that they engage in the pattern of making constructions and utilizing procedures that are environmentally responsible and resource-efficient throughout a edifice ‘s life-cycle. In theory, it should stay consistent to its purpose throughout the full edifice procedure from design, building, operation, care, redevelopment, and deconstruction. In both instances, the purpose is to spread out and complement the classical edifice design concerns of economic system, public-service corporation, lastingness, and comfort. Green edifices have been in conceptualisation for old ages now, dating back to the motion ‘s head in the 1960 ‘s when Rachel Carson wrote soundless spring and DEET was outlawed. However, the development of modern zero-energy edifices merely became possible more late, non merely through the advancement made in new building engineerings and techniques, but through significantly improved academic research on traditional and experimental edifices that collect precise energy public presentation informations. Such edifices are developed utilizing advanced computing machine theoretical accounts that can demo the efficaciousness of technology design determinations. Subjectively, energy usage can be measured in different ways ( associating to cost, energy, or C emanations ) and, irrespective of the definition used ; different positions are taken on the comparative importance of energy crop and energy preservation to accomplish a net energy balance. Although zero energy edifices re main uncommon in developed states, they are deriving in importance and popularity merely because the zero-energy attack has possible to cut down C emanations, and cut down dependance on fossil fuels. It is besides of import to observe that most ( ZEB ) definitions do non include the emanations generated in the building of the edifice and the corporal energy of the construction. This means that in many instances so much energy is used in the building of a new edifice that this can shadow the operational energy nest eggs over its utile life. A coincident illustration of such architecture is zero energy ( from dodo fuel ) house no.1 by zoka Zola architecture + urban design. This house is built on a dual batch and is situated 3 stat mis west of the Chicago Loop. The designers dedicated themselves to merely utilize energy generated on site and saw their edifice as a accelerator that would hopefully be an inspiration to other householders and developers in urban environments. A batch of the discrepancy and control throughout the house is done through the operation of its operable Windowss. In the summer, the Windowss allow cross airing and in the winter, warm sunshine inundations the shoal suites through big south-facing Windowss. These Windowss besides provide a battalion of positions to the out-of-doorss. The clients of this house had a passion for gardening so in add-on to building an urban single-family place that is ecological, socially regenerative, and self-sustaining the designers besides incorporated multiple gardens including a few roof deck gardens. The accessible green roofs promote bio-diversity and absorb H2O overflow, while insulating the inside and protecting the roof from thermic daze and extremist violet impairment. They divided the house into four zones. Bathrooms are stacked and ventilated as an stray country of higher wet and heat. The kitchen is ventilated as an stray country of higher wet, heat, and olfactory property. The life and dining infinites are located on the west side of the edifice where 1 can bask the last beams of the eventide Sun after work. The degage Multi-Use infinite is employed as portion of the garden and is on occasion heated and cooled. These tendencies are surely non sole to individual edifices. In the development of its popularity, zero-energy edifice has had its influence on the development of territory programs. An illustration of such a edifice site would be Beddington Zero Energy Development ( BedZED ) . BedZED is a lodging development in Hackbridge, London, England designed to back up a more sustainable life style. Because of BedZED ‘s low-energy-emission construct, autos are discouraged and alternatively the undertaking encourages public conveyance, cycling, and walking, and has limited parking infinite. Electric and liquefied-petroleum-gas autos have precedence over autos that burn gasoline and Diesel, and electricity is provided in parking infinites for bear downing electric autos. All of the houses on the site face to the South and come equipped with roof top solar panels, 777 mA? of solar panels entire, to take advantage of the increased solar addition from that way. The energy that is so harvested is either used throughout the abode or fed back into the grid. You read "Green Building And Zero Energy Trends Environmental Sciences Essay" in category "Essay examples" Most of the rain H2O that falls onto BedZED ‘s site is harvested for a ulterior day of the month and in add-on, contraptions are chosen to be water-efficient and utilize recycled H2O when possible. BedZED besides uses green constructing schemes like utilizing low-impact stuffs ( LIM ) . LIM stuffs on this site were selected from renewable or recycled beginnings within 35 stat mis of the site, to minimise the energy required for transit. Finally, BedZED is host to legion waste recycling installations that are designed to back up recycling. The consequences that BedZED put forth old ages after execution are amazing. The development efficaciously reduced space-heating demands by 88 % , hot-water ingestion by 57 % , The electrical power used was 25 % less than the UK norm, 11 % of which was produced by the roof-top solar panels, Mains-water ingestion has been reduced by 50 % and the occupants ‘ auto milage is 65 % less on norm. These are all startlingly dramatic consequences toward efficiency, but when it comes down to it BedZED was nil more than norm when the sum nursery gasses emitted throughout building were calculated. The consequences showed that the corporal environmental impacts of BedZED ‘s building stuffs were similar to standard UK lodging. The entire corporal CO2 of BedZED is 675kg/m2, while the typical volume house embodies 600-800kg/m2. So, as one can see there are tremendous advantages to the finished merchandise in respects to zero-energy edifice, but it seems as though the existent problem is c aused by the outsourced agencies of edifice. While edifices have been a first measure for green and zero-energy tendencies and territory communities have acted as proving evidences for larger execution, there have n’t been any stairss toward developing wholly zero-energy C impersonal green metropoliss until merely late. The name of the undertaking is Masdar metropolis and it ‘s planned to be located in Abu Dhabi, in the United Arab Emirates. Its nucleus is a planned metropolis, which is being built by the Abu Dhabi Future Energy Company, a subordinate of Mubadala Development Company, with the bulk of the capital provided by the authorities of Abu Dhabi. Designed by the British architectural house Foster + Partners, the metropolis is planned rely wholly on solar energy and other renewable energy beginnings, with a sustainable, zero-carbon, zero-waste ecology. The undertaking was initiated in 2006 and was planned to be finished in 2009. The entire production cost will be 22 billion dollars and will cover 2.3 square s tat mis will be home to 45,000 to 50,000 people and 1,500 concerns, chiefly commercial and fabricating installations specialising in environmentally-friendly merchandises. Even though the metropolis will be resident to about 50,000 people, it still holds a prohibition on cars within the metropolis. Travel will be accomplished via public mass theodolite and personal rapid theodolite systems, with bing route and railroads linking to other locations outside the metropolis. Masdar is set to utilize a assortment of renewable power resources, among the first being a 40 to 60 megawatt solar power works which will provide power for all other building activity. In this manner, Masdar metropolis is a monolithic betterment from BedZED in that it has thought through a more eco-friendly agencies of building throughout the whole metropolis. Masdar ‘s solar power works will subsequently be followed by a larger installation and like BedZED ; extra photovoltaic faculties will be placed on rooftops to supply auxiliary solar energy to the metropolis. Wind farms will be established all around the outside the metropolis ‘s margin, capable of bring forthing up t o 20 megawatts. The H2O supply has been planned out merely as exhaustively. How it works is the metropolis will house a solar-powered desalinization works which will be used to supply the metropolis ‘s with clean imbibing H2O. Approximately 80A per centum of the H2O used will be recycled and waste H2O will be reused every bit much as is possible with this greywater being used for harvest irrigation and other intents. Similarly to BedZED Masdar metropolis besides has a focal point on waste recycling. The program is to utilize biological waste to make nutrient-rich dirt and fertiliser. Some waste will be utilized through incineration as an extra power beginning and industrial waste will be recycled or re-purposed for other utilizations. If all of this is n’t singular plenty, Masdar will be host to several province of the art academic installations focused on the promotion of renewable energy techniques. The first of these establishments to open is the Masdar Institute of Science and Technology. Developed in cooperation with the Massachusetts Institute of Technology ( MIT ) , the Masdar Institute of Science and Technology is a post-graduate university focused on the scientific discipline and technology of advanced renewable energy, environmental engineerings and sustainability. First opened to pupils in September 2009, by 2011 the institute will offer 10 Masters plans and its first PhD plans in renewable energies and sustainable engineerings. These academic inducements are hoped to promote an environment that will further the following coevals of scientific finds. A more recent part to the development of zero-energy metropoliss is Zira Island. Designed by the Danish house of Bjarke Ingels Group ( BIG ) has merely released inside informations of their maestro program for a zero energy resort and amusement metropolis on Zira Island, which is located within the bay of Baku, Azerbaijan. Unlike Masdar metropolis, Zira Island attempts to let the signifier of its man-made landscape to use the aggregation of energy. The program calls for approximately 10.8 million square pess of architectural landscape based on the natural landscape of Azerbaijan.A Zira Island is set to have seven residential developments, each in the form of one of seven extremums of Azerbaijan, and 300 private Villas with positions over the Caspian Sea.A The metropolis is designed to be wholly independent of external resources and to supply, â€Å" high terminal populating with low terminal ingestion of resources. † All of this is expected to be accomplished by using the Casp ian Sea for heating/cooling with heat pumps, puting photovoltaic panels strategically on frontages and rooftops, incorporating solar thermic panels into the architecture, garnering air current power from an offshore air current farm and eventually through waste and storm H2O aggregation, intervention, and reuse in landscaping. The methods are really similar to Masdar metropolis, except the integrating of the systems into the manufactured landscape is much more cohesive in this design. However, one must maintain in head that this metropolis ‘s design is still really conventional at this point. How to cite Green Building And Zero Energy Trends Environmental Sciences Essay, Essay examples

Communication Process free essay sample

Communication can best be summarized as the transmission of a message from a sender to a receiver in an understandable manner. The importance of effective communication is immeasurable in the world of business and in personal life. From a business perspective, effective communication is an absolute must, because it commonly accounts for the difference between success and failure or profit and loss. It has become clear that effective business communication is critical to the successful operation of modern enterprise. Every business person needs to understand the fundamentals of effective communication. Currently, companies in the United States and abroad are working toward the realization of total quality management. Effective communication is the most critical component of total quality management. The manner in which individuals perceive and talk to each other at work about different issues is a major determinant of the business success. It has proven been proven that poor communication reduces quality, weakens productivity, and eventually leads to anger and a lack of trust among individuals within the organization. The communication process is the guide toward realizing effective communication. It s through the communication process that the sharing of a common meaning between the sender and the receiver takes place. Individuals that follow the communication process will have the opportunity to become more productive in every aspect of their profession. Effective communication leads to understanding. The communication process is made up of four key components. Those components include encoding, medium of transmission, decoding, and feedback. There are also two other factors in the process, and those two factors are present in the form of the sender and the receiver. The communication process begins with the sender and nds with the receiver. The sender is an individual, group, or organization who initiates the communication. This source is initially responsible for the success of the message. The senders experiences, attitudes, knowledge, skill, perceptions, and culture influence the message. The written words, spoken words, and nonverbal language selected are paramount in ensuring the receiver interprets the message as intended by the sender (Burnett Dollar, 1989). All communication begins with the sender. The first step the sender is faced with involves the encoding process. In order to onvey meaning, the sender must begin encoding, which means translating information into a message in the form of symbols that represent ideas or concepts. This process translates the ideas or concepts into the coded message that will be communicated. The symbols can take on numerous forms such as, languages, words, or gestures. These symbols are used to encode ideas into messages that others can he/she wants to transmit. This decision by the sender is based on what he/she believes about the receivers knowledge and assumptions, along with what additional information he/she wants the receiver to have. It is important for the sender to use symbols that are familiar to the intended receiver. A good way for the sender to improve encoding their message, is to mentally visualize the communication from the receivers point of view. To begin transmitting the message, the sender uses some kind of channel (also called a medium). The channel is the means used to convey the message. Most channels are either oral or written, but currently visual channels are becoming more common as technology expands. Common channels include the telephone and a variety of written forms such as memos, letters, and reports. The effectiveness of the various channels fluctuates depending on the characteristics of the communication. For example, when immediate feedback is necessary, oral communication channels are more effective because any uncertainties can be cleared up on the spot. In a situation where the message must be delivered to more than a small group of people, written channels are often more effective. Although in many cases, both oral and written channels should be used because one supplements the other. If a sender relays a message through an inappropriate channel, its message may not reach the right receivers. That is why senders need to keep in mind that selecting the appropriate channel will greatly assist in the effectiveness of the receivers understanding. The senders decision to utilize either an oral or a written channel for communicating a message is influenced by several factors. The sender should ask him or herself different questions, so that they can select the appropriate channel. Is the message urgent? Is immediate feedback needed? Is documentation or a permanent record required? Is the content complicated, controversial, or private? Is the message going to someone inside or outside the organization? What oral and ritten communication skills does the receiver possess? Once the sender has answered all of these questions, they will be able to choose an effective channel. After the appropriate channel or channels are selected, the message enters the decoding stage of the communication process. Decoding is conducted by the receiver. Once the message is received and examined, the stimulus is sent to the brain for interpreting, in order to assign some type of meaning to it. It is this processing stage that constitutes decoding. The receiver begins to interpret the symbols sent by the sender, translating the message to their own set of experiences n order to make the symbols meaningful. Successful communication takes place when the receiver correctly interprets the senders message. The receiver is the individual or individuals to whom the message is directed. The extent to which this person comprehends the message will depend on a number of factors, which include the following: how much the individual or individuals know about the topic, their receptivity to the message, and the relationship and trust that exists between sender and receiver. All interpretations by the receiver are influenced similar to the senders relationship with encoding. Feedback is the final link in the chain of the communication process. After receiving a message, the receiver responds in some way and signals that response to the sender. The signal may take the form of a spoken comment, a long sigh, a written message, a smile, or some other action. Even a lack of response, is in a sense, a form of response (Bovee Thill, 1992). Without feedback, the sender cannot confirm that the receiver has interpreted the message correctly. Feedback is a key component in the communication process because it allows the sender to evaluate the effectiveness of the message. Feedback ultimately provides an opportunity for the sender to take corrective action to clarify a misunderstood message. Feedback plays an important role by indicating significant communication barriers: differences in background, different interpretations of words, and differing emotional reactions (Bovee Thill, 1992). The communication process is the perfect guide toward achieving effective communication. When followed properly, the process can usually assure that the senders message will be understood by the receiver. Although the communication process seems si mple, it in essence is not. Certain barriers present themselves throughout the process. Those barriers are factors that have a negative impact on the communication process. Some common barriers include the use of an inappropriate medium (channel), incorrect grammar, inflammatory words, words that conflict with body language, and technical Jargon. Noise is also another common barrier. Noise can occur during any stage of the process. Noise essentially is anything that distorts a message by interfering with the communication process. Noise can take many forms, including a radio playing in the ackground, another person trying to enter your conversation, and any other distractions that prevent the receiver from paying attention. Successful and effective communication within an organization stems from the implementation of the communication process. All members within an organization will improve their communication skills if they follow the communication process, and stay away from the different barriers. It has been proven that individuals that understand the communication process will blossom into more effective communicators, and effective communicators have a g