Female Pirates - 2921 Words

Female Pirates Kristina A. Paxton (Shaarda) Excelsior College Women have been held to have particular power over the sea. There is an ancient superstition that women are not good for ships. The contradiction between woman as sea power and woman as a sea jinx is hard to understand. Women pirates however rarely brought bad luck to a ship, they were actually very good luck, and their loss to a ship often brought an end to that ships sailing days. The women that sailed the seas came from all walks of life; there were royals such as Queen Teuta of Illyria who sailed in the 200’s B.C., as well as the Irish seafaring clanswoman, Grace O’Malley, who was practically royalty in that culture in the 1500’s. There were also illegitimate daughters†¦show more content†¦After some time sailing she also served as a soldier in both infantry and cavalry units, very often proving braver and more courageous than her fellow soldiers. While serving as a soldier she fell in love with one of her comrades, and found a way to let him know s he was a woman, and shortly thereafter they married. After they were married, Mary and her new husband left the service and set up a restaurant where their former comrades could come and eat. However, not long after they opened the restaurant Mary’s husband died and the war ended, leaving Mary with no spouse, and no income since the soldiers no longer came to eat at the restaurant. She gave up her restaurant and went back into sailing. Eventually the ship she was on sailed to the West Indies where it was captured by pirates, whom she eventually joined. Initially Mary Read had no intentions of becoming a pirate as it was something â€Å"she always abhor’d† (Defoe, 1999, p. 146), and she was not planning on staying on that ship. Her intentions to leave the ship changed when she fell in love with another pirate. Her new love had run into trouble with a much larger pirate than him, fearing the worst for her love, she picked a fight with the same pirate and schedule d him to a duel, killing him two hours before her lover was to fight him. Mary’s life as a pirate came to an end in 1720, when the ship she and her crewmates were captured andShow MoreRelatedGoblin Market and Bloody Chamber1213 Words   |  4 Pagesï » ¿Nicole Broeke Professor C. Brady English 201 4 December 2014 Female Heroism In both Goblin Market and â€Å"The Bloody Chamber†, women face objectification as pornographic objects whose solitary purpose is to be a man’s appealing possession. Evidently, the objectification of women impacted the way each author constructed their texts. Feminist movements aiming to undermine these rigid female and male roles are prominent in the time period of both literary works. Both Christina Rossetti and Angela CarterRead MoreAnalysis of The Pirates of the Caribbean: The Curse of the Black Pearl Poster783 Words   |  4 Pages Design Analysis Essay BCM 110 In this essay I am going to analyse the movie poster for the film ‘Pirates of the Caribbean : The Curse of the Black Pearl’ . This film was released in 2003 directed by Gore Verbinski and it was a huge Box-Office hit and had great reviews . It also made Johnny Depp the superstar he is now and it stars other actors such as Orlando Bloom and Keira Knightley . The genre of the film is an action adventure film with lots of other elements in it . Read MoreA Brief Biography of Keira Knightley1123 Words   |  5 Pagesthe movie was very strong, especially among young female athletes. The film earned a respectable $32.5 million in America. Much of its success was due to the chemistry between Knightley and Nagra, whose believable friendship was at the center of this coming-of-age story. Bend it like Beckham was a big hit, but nothing like what was to come next. Keira beat out 75 other young actresses for the part of Elizabeth Swann in the Disney movie Pirates of the Caribbean: The Curse of the Black Pearl. SheRead MoreThe Origins Of The Gothic Culture1558 Words   |  7 Pagesfashion always being recycles by looking at pirates’ clothing. Gothic fashion can be inspired from different sources like pirates. Pirates were outlaws because of they robbed other ships of their treasures. This made the idea of the pirate’s style of clothing appealing to Goth culture because they want to disconnect from society’s social norms just like the pirates did. In medieval times, pirates typically wore loose shirts that had long sleeves. Pirate style of shirts wornby the Goth culture usesRead MoreYay for Feminism in the 1700s!1265 Words   |  6 PagesAnne Bonny and Mary Read are the two most famous women pirates. Though there were many other female pirates, they arent quite as well known. Each of their stories should be first told s eperatly, in order to efficiently understand their story. Anne Bonny was born illegitimately to a lawyer named William Cormac and the maid under his employ, Mary Brennen somewhere near Cork, Ireland and sometime between 1697 and 1700. When their affair became public he, his mistress, and his new daughterRead MoreGender Roles Peter Pan1247 Words   |  5 PagesGender Roles in Peter Pan J. M. Barrie’s Peter Pan tells the story of â€Å"the boy who never grew up.† Barrie paints Peter as an extraordinary character living in a mystical world called Neverland, flying through the air, and fighting villainous pirates. He is also the boy who takes a young girl named Wendy from England back to Neverland with him. The interaction and interdependence of Barrie’s two characters, Peter and Wendy, symbolize and spread cultural gender stereotypes by mirroring the stereotypesRead MorePeter Pan Reflection1097 Words   |  5 PagesDisney in 1953. It’s about a boy, who goes to see Wendy Darling and her brothers, John and Michael, bringing them to Neverland. They go on many of adventures such as seeing â€Å"The Lost Boys, mermaids, meeting Native American tribes, and a group of pirates lead by Captain Hook. I selected this movie because it is my favorite childhood movie, despite my knowledge of its many faults. It is my favorite movie because I relate t o the kids who never want to grow up; I wish I never had to grow up and couldRead MoreDifferent Times, Different Ideals1267 Words   |  6 Pagesmother-like figure and a harlot. Throughout the novel, all the female characters must either be parental or crave the companionship of a male character, which often results in jealousy. Wendy and Tinker, being the two main female characters of the story, represent these two different types of women acceptable in the Victorian Era. Wendy, who is a mother-like figure to the Lost Boys and a female accomplice for Peter, seems to be the only female character in the novel that is a â€Å"fitting† women of the timeRead MoreThe Impact Of Nazi Policy On The Young People1242 Words   |  5 Pageswere independent groups who were against the Nazi party’s affairs with young people. Illegal youth groups include the Najavo Gang, Kittelbach Pirates, Swing Movement and the Edelweiss Pirates. These groups opposed Nationalist Socialist views and defied the youth movement. The Edelweiss Pirates emerged circa 1930’s and the gang consisted of male and female teenagers of ages 12 to 18 in the work-force and received good pay. They often provoked and beat up members of the Hitler Youth. After receivingRead MoreJohnny Depp: A Truely Unique Actor1341 Words   |  6 Pagesnot have soul, Johnny Depp is truly a one-of-a-kind actor. With a spectrum of characters Depp has played, ranging from Edward Scissorhands in the movie Edward Scissorhands (1990), to playing his role in 21 Jump Street (1987), up until the recent Pirates of the Caribbean (2003), he is involved in roles that â€Å"only the likes of Depp can pull off† (â€Å"Johnny Depp†, 1). Although coming from rebellious teenage years and many â€Å"ups and downs of his personal life† (â€Å"Johnny Depp Biography†, 2), the actor has

Green Building And Zero Energy Trends Environmental Sciences Essay Free Essays

string(96) " The energy that is so harvested is either used throughout the abode or fed back into the grid\." As we move into the twenty-first Century, new and unplanned fortunes are get downing to determine our lives, our architecture and our metropoliss. It is going clear that the impact we ‘re making on our milieus is holding an consequence on the well being of our planet and its ecosystems every bit good as our populations, motivating us to eventually take action towards a better hereafter. Global heating and it ‘s formidable menaces have scared us and given corporations incentive to market its relinquishing, which at times is identical as to whether or non these are honest efforts or merely catchs. We will write a custom essay sample on Green Building And Zero Energy Trends Environmental Sciences Essay or any similar topic only for you Order Now Similarly, the statement on whether or non we are in at hand danger is merely as controversial. The follow up to this reaction has been an overpoweringly undisputed motion toward eco-friendly tactics in a figure of professions including concern, medical specialty and architecture, merely to call a few. However, in the terminal all of this predication breeds the coevals of new types, coercing us to re-think the manner that we live. For architecture, these creative activities come in the signifier of zero-energy and green edifices. Zero-energy edifices ( ZEB ) are edifices that use zero-net-energy ingestion and breathe zero-carbon emanations. They are convenient in that they can be used autonomously from the energy grid supply and energy can be harvested on-site. Although these edifices are province of the art, there is a trade off between pecuniary cost and the benefit that they offer. Green edifices should non be confused with zero-energy edifices, nor are they reciprocally sole from being zero-energy. Green edifices by and large differ from zero energy edifices in that they engage in the pattern of making constructions and utilizing procedures that are environmentally responsible and resource-efficient throughout a edifice ‘s life-cycle. In theory, it should stay consistent to its purpose throughout the full edifice procedure from design, building, operation, care, redevelopment, and deconstruction. In both instances, the purpose is to spread out and complement the classical edifice design concerns of economic system, public-service corporation, lastingness, and comfort. Green edifices have been in conceptualisation for old ages now, dating back to the motion ‘s head in the 1960 ‘s when Rachel Carson wrote soundless spring and DEET was outlawed. However, the development of modern zero-energy edifices merely became possible more late, non merely through the advancement made in new building engineerings and techniques, but through significantly improved academic research on traditional and experimental edifices that collect precise energy public presentation informations. Such edifices are developed utilizing advanced computing machine theoretical accounts that can demo the efficaciousness of technology design determinations. Subjectively, energy usage can be measured in different ways ( associating to cost, energy, or C emanations ) and, irrespective of the definition used ; different positions are taken on the comparative importance of energy crop and energy preservation to accomplish a net energy balance. Although zero energy edifices re main uncommon in developed states, they are deriving in importance and popularity merely because the zero-energy attack has possible to cut down C emanations, and cut down dependance on fossil fuels. It is besides of import to observe that most ( ZEB ) definitions do non include the emanations generated in the building of the edifice and the corporal energy of the construction. This means that in many instances so much energy is used in the building of a new edifice that this can shadow the operational energy nest eggs over its utile life. A coincident illustration of such architecture is zero energy ( from dodo fuel ) house no.1 by zoka Zola architecture + urban design. This house is built on a dual batch and is situated 3 stat mis west of the Chicago Loop. The designers dedicated themselves to merely utilize energy generated on site and saw their edifice as a accelerator that would hopefully be an inspiration to other householders and developers in urban environments. A batch of the discrepancy and control throughout the house is done through the operation of its operable Windowss. In the summer, the Windowss allow cross airing and in the winter, warm sunshine inundations the shoal suites through big south-facing Windowss. These Windowss besides provide a battalion of positions to the out-of-doorss. The clients of this house had a passion for gardening so in add-on to building an urban single-family place that is ecological, socially regenerative, and self-sustaining the designers besides incorporated multiple gardens including a few roof deck gardens. The accessible green roofs promote bio-diversity and absorb H2O overflow, while insulating the inside and protecting the roof from thermic daze and extremist violet impairment. They divided the house into four zones. Bathrooms are stacked and ventilated as an stray country of higher wet and heat. The kitchen is ventilated as an stray country of higher wet, heat, and olfactory property. The life and dining infinites are located on the west side of the edifice where 1 can bask the last beams of the eventide Sun after work. The degage Multi-Use infinite is employed as portion of the garden and is on occasion heated and cooled. These tendencies are surely non sole to individual edifices. In the development of its popularity, zero-energy edifice has had its influence on the development of territory programs. An illustration of such a edifice site would be Beddington Zero Energy Development ( BedZED ) . BedZED is a lodging development in Hackbridge, London, England designed to back up a more sustainable life style. Because of BedZED ‘s low-energy-emission construct, autos are discouraged and alternatively the undertaking encourages public conveyance, cycling, and walking, and has limited parking infinite. Electric and liquefied-petroleum-gas autos have precedence over autos that burn gasoline and Diesel, and electricity is provided in parking infinites for bear downing electric autos. All of the houses on the site face to the South and come equipped with roof top solar panels, 777 mA? of solar panels entire, to take advantage of the increased solar addition from that way. The energy that is so harvested is either used throughout the abode or fed back into the grid. You read "Green Building And Zero Energy Trends Environmental Sciences Essay" in category "Essay examples" Most of the rain H2O that falls onto BedZED ‘s site is harvested for a ulterior day of the month and in add-on, contraptions are chosen to be water-efficient and utilize recycled H2O when possible. BedZED besides uses green constructing schemes like utilizing low-impact stuffs ( LIM ) . LIM stuffs on this site were selected from renewable or recycled beginnings within 35 stat mis of the site, to minimise the energy required for transit. Finally, BedZED is host to legion waste recycling installations that are designed to back up recycling. The consequences that BedZED put forth old ages after execution are amazing. The development efficaciously reduced space-heating demands by 88 % , hot-water ingestion by 57 % , The electrical power used was 25 % less than the UK norm, 11 % of which was produced by the roof-top solar panels, Mains-water ingestion has been reduced by 50 % and the occupants ‘ auto milage is 65 % less on norm. These are all startlingly dramatic consequences toward efficiency, but when it comes down to it BedZED was nil more than norm when the sum nursery gasses emitted throughout building were calculated. The consequences showed that the corporal environmental impacts of BedZED ‘s building stuffs were similar to standard UK lodging. The entire corporal CO2 of BedZED is 675kg/m2, while the typical volume house embodies 600-800kg/m2. So, as one can see there are tremendous advantages to the finished merchandise in respects to zero-energy edifice, but it seems as though the existent problem is c aused by the outsourced agencies of edifice. While edifices have been a first measure for green and zero-energy tendencies and territory communities have acted as proving evidences for larger execution, there have n’t been any stairss toward developing wholly zero-energy C impersonal green metropoliss until merely late. The name of the undertaking is Masdar metropolis and it ‘s planned to be located in Abu Dhabi, in the United Arab Emirates. Its nucleus is a planned metropolis, which is being built by the Abu Dhabi Future Energy Company, a subordinate of Mubadala Development Company, with the bulk of the capital provided by the authorities of Abu Dhabi. Designed by the British architectural house Foster + Partners, the metropolis is planned rely wholly on solar energy and other renewable energy beginnings, with a sustainable, zero-carbon, zero-waste ecology. The undertaking was initiated in 2006 and was planned to be finished in 2009. The entire production cost will be 22 billion dollars and will cover 2.3 square s tat mis will be home to 45,000 to 50,000 people and 1,500 concerns, chiefly commercial and fabricating installations specialising in environmentally-friendly merchandises. Even though the metropolis will be resident to about 50,000 people, it still holds a prohibition on cars within the metropolis. Travel will be accomplished via public mass theodolite and personal rapid theodolite systems, with bing route and railroads linking to other locations outside the metropolis. Masdar is set to utilize a assortment of renewable power resources, among the first being a 40 to 60 megawatt solar power works which will provide power for all other building activity. In this manner, Masdar metropolis is a monolithic betterment from BedZED in that it has thought through a more eco-friendly agencies of building throughout the whole metropolis. Masdar ‘s solar power works will subsequently be followed by a larger installation and like BedZED ; extra photovoltaic faculties will be placed on rooftops to supply auxiliary solar energy to the metropolis. Wind farms will be established all around the outside the metropolis ‘s margin, capable of bring forthing up t o 20 megawatts. The H2O supply has been planned out merely as exhaustively. How it works is the metropolis will house a solar-powered desalinization works which will be used to supply the metropolis ‘s with clean imbibing H2O. Approximately 80A per centum of the H2O used will be recycled and waste H2O will be reused every bit much as is possible with this greywater being used for harvest irrigation and other intents. Similarly to BedZED Masdar metropolis besides has a focal point on waste recycling. The program is to utilize biological waste to make nutrient-rich dirt and fertiliser. Some waste will be utilized through incineration as an extra power beginning and industrial waste will be recycled or re-purposed for other utilizations. If all of this is n’t singular plenty, Masdar will be host to several province of the art academic installations focused on the promotion of renewable energy techniques. The first of these establishments to open is the Masdar Institute of Science and Technology. Developed in cooperation with the Massachusetts Institute of Technology ( MIT ) , the Masdar Institute of Science and Technology is a post-graduate university focused on the scientific discipline and technology of advanced renewable energy, environmental engineerings and sustainability. First opened to pupils in September 2009, by 2011 the institute will offer 10 Masters plans and its first PhD plans in renewable energies and sustainable engineerings. These academic inducements are hoped to promote an environment that will further the following coevals of scientific finds. A more recent part to the development of zero-energy metropoliss is Zira Island. Designed by the Danish house of Bjarke Ingels Group ( BIG ) has merely released inside informations of their maestro program for a zero energy resort and amusement metropolis on Zira Island, which is located within the bay of Baku, Azerbaijan. Unlike Masdar metropolis, Zira Island attempts to let the signifier of its man-made landscape to use the aggregation of energy. The program calls for approximately 10.8 million square pess of architectural landscape based on the natural landscape of Azerbaijan.A Zira Island is set to have seven residential developments, each in the form of one of seven extremums of Azerbaijan, and 300 private Villas with positions over the Caspian Sea.A The metropolis is designed to be wholly independent of external resources and to supply, â€Å" high terminal populating with low terminal ingestion of resources. † All of this is expected to be accomplished by using the Casp ian Sea for heating/cooling with heat pumps, puting photovoltaic panels strategically on frontages and rooftops, incorporating solar thermic panels into the architecture, garnering air current power from an offshore air current farm and eventually through waste and storm H2O aggregation, intervention, and reuse in landscaping. The methods are really similar to Masdar metropolis, except the integrating of the systems into the manufactured landscape is much more cohesive in this design. However, one must maintain in head that this metropolis ‘s design is still really conventional at this point. How to cite Green Building And Zero Energy Trends Environmental Sciences Essay, Essay examples

Communication Process free essay sample

Communication can best be summarized as the transmission of a message from a sender to a receiver in an understandable manner. The importance of effective communication is immeasurable in the world of business and in personal life. From a business perspective, effective communication is an absolute must, because it commonly accounts for the difference between success and failure or profit and loss. It has become clear that effective business communication is critical to the successful operation of modern enterprise. Every business person needs to understand the fundamentals of effective communication. Currently, companies in the United States and abroad are working toward the realization of total quality management. Effective communication is the most critical component of total quality management. The manner in which individuals perceive and talk to each other at work about different issues is a major determinant of the business success. It has proven been proven that poor communication reduces quality, weakens productivity, and eventually leads to anger and a lack of trust among individuals within the organization. The communication process is the guide toward realizing effective communication. It s through the communication process that the sharing of a common meaning between the sender and the receiver takes place. Individuals that follow the communication process will have the opportunity to become more productive in every aspect of their profession. Effective communication leads to understanding. The communication process is made up of four key components. Those components include encoding, medium of transmission, decoding, and feedback. There are also two other factors in the process, and those two factors are present in the form of the sender and the receiver. The communication process begins with the sender and nds with the receiver. The sender is an individual, group, or organization who initiates the communication. This source is initially responsible for the success of the message. The senders experiences, attitudes, knowledge, skill, perceptions, and culture influence the message. The written words, spoken words, and nonverbal language selected are paramount in ensuring the receiver interprets the message as intended by the sender (Burnett Dollar, 1989). All communication begins with the sender. The first step the sender is faced with involves the encoding process. In order to onvey meaning, the sender must begin encoding, which means translating information into a message in the form of symbols that represent ideas or concepts. This process translates the ideas or concepts into the coded message that will be communicated. The symbols can take on numerous forms such as, languages, words, or gestures. These symbols are used to encode ideas into messages that others can he/she wants to transmit. This decision by the sender is based on what he/she believes about the receivers knowledge and assumptions, along with what additional information he/she wants the receiver to have. It is important for the sender to use symbols that are familiar to the intended receiver. A good way for the sender to improve encoding their message, is to mentally visualize the communication from the receivers point of view. To begin transmitting the message, the sender uses some kind of channel (also called a medium). The channel is the means used to convey the message. Most channels are either oral or written, but currently visual channels are becoming more common as technology expands. Common channels include the telephone and a variety of written forms such as memos, letters, and reports. The effectiveness of the various channels fluctuates depending on the characteristics of the communication. For example, when immediate feedback is necessary, oral communication channels are more effective because any uncertainties can be cleared up on the spot. In a situation where the message must be delivered to more than a small group of people, written channels are often more effective. Although in many cases, both oral and written channels should be used because one supplements the other. If a sender relays a message through an inappropriate channel, its message may not reach the right receivers. That is why senders need to keep in mind that selecting the appropriate channel will greatly assist in the effectiveness of the receivers understanding. The senders decision to utilize either an oral or a written channel for communicating a message is influenced by several factors. The sender should ask him or herself different questions, so that they can select the appropriate channel. Is the message urgent? Is immediate feedback needed? Is documentation or a permanent record required? Is the content complicated, controversial, or private? Is the message going to someone inside or outside the organization? What oral and ritten communication skills does the receiver possess? Once the sender has answered all of these questions, they will be able to choose an effective channel. After the appropriate channel or channels are selected, the message enters the decoding stage of the communication process. Decoding is conducted by the receiver. Once the message is received and examined, the stimulus is sent to the brain for interpreting, in order to assign some type of meaning to it. It is this processing stage that constitutes decoding. The receiver begins to interpret the symbols sent by the sender, translating the message to their own set of experiences n order to make the symbols meaningful. Successful communication takes place when the receiver correctly interprets the senders message. The receiver is the individual or individuals to whom the message is directed. The extent to which this person comprehends the message will depend on a number of factors, which include the following: how much the individual or individuals know about the topic, their receptivity to the message, and the relationship and trust that exists between sender and receiver. All interpretations by the receiver are influenced similar to the senders relationship with encoding. Feedback is the final link in the chain of the communication process. After receiving a message, the receiver responds in some way and signals that response to the sender. The signal may take the form of a spoken comment, a long sigh, a written message, a smile, or some other action. Even a lack of response, is in a sense, a form of response (Bovee Thill, 1992). Without feedback, the sender cannot confirm that the receiver has interpreted the message correctly. Feedback is a key component in the communication process because it allows the sender to evaluate the effectiveness of the message. Feedback ultimately provides an opportunity for the sender to take corrective action to clarify a misunderstood message. Feedback plays an important role by indicating significant communication barriers: differences in background, different interpretations of words, and differing emotional reactions (Bovee Thill, 1992). The communication process is the perfect guide toward achieving effective communication. When followed properly, the process can usually assure that the senders message will be understood by the receiver. Although the communication process seems si mple, it in essence is not. Certain barriers present themselves throughout the process. Those barriers are factors that have a negative impact on the communication process. Some common barriers include the use of an inappropriate medium (channel), incorrect grammar, inflammatory words, words that conflict with body language, and technical Jargon. Noise is also another common barrier. Noise can occur during any stage of the process. Noise essentially is anything that distorts a message by interfering with the communication process. Noise can take many forms, including a radio playing in the ackground, another person trying to enter your conversation, and any other distractions that prevent the receiver from paying attention. Successful and effective communication within an organization stems from the implementation of the communication process. All members within an organization will improve their communication skills if they follow the communication process, and stay away from the different barriers. It has been proven that individuals that understand the communication process will blossom into more effective communicators, and effective communicators have a g

Where Happiness Comes From Essays - Irene Lieblich,

Where Happiness Comes From Where Happiness Comes From by Tonia L. Harmon Their farm was two hundred acres of corn fields, cows, pigs, and, of course, chickens. No farm would be complete without chickens. At the southeast corner of the farm, behind the smaller corn field, was the brook with clear cold water that reached past my knees. On most weekends my family would go to visit our friends, the Tailors, who had at one time seven boys to keep them company. All of them were grown with their own lives to attend to, except for Dan, who stayed on at the farm to help keep up the crops. His younger brother Dave still came back to the farm, from the busy city, to visit and bring his children to see their grandparents. Even though they were about the same age as my brother and I, we did not play with them because they were greedy and didn't suit our playing qualifications by continuously changing rules and cheating. It was rare that we encountered them anyhow, and that suited us fine. Most of the time we would stay the whole weekend. Our parent's elected to sleep in a tent, while my brother and I slept in one of the many cozy bedrooms of the farmhouse. We loved it there and secretly both he and I wished that we could stay forever. There were separate reasons why we loved it there. My brother, Forest, had a choice of over a dozen different old cars and trucks. Forest was allowed under the hoods so that he could tinker with the engines and figure out how they functioned. He was a ten-year old mechanical genius. Everyone knew that he was going to grow up to be a mechanic. When he was five or six, Forest found an old transmission behind the barn; in two hours he had taken it apart and put it back together again without prior instruction. Old mister Tailor watched from a distance while Forest disassembled and methodically assembled the transmission to its original form. Our parent's are proud and still equally impressed as the day it happened. They still brag and carry on about his genius endeavor, as they do with both of us for the many special encounters accumulated during our formative years. My reasons for loving that farm cannot be so simply expressed. I cannot narrow my reason into one great memory, and I cannot say when exactly I fell in love with the Tailor farm; perhaps it was from the first time I stepped onto the warm and inviting soil. There were moments when I'd get a burst of happy energy and run through the field with my hair flying behind me. The corn was at least four feet above my head. Running through it gave me a secret place all my own, like a completely separate planet that was occupied by only me. Most often, after playing in the corn field I went to the bend in the brook where the deepest spot was, and after removing all unnecessary clothing I swam, pretending I was a mermaid in the ocean. I loved to watch my long red hair sway under the water with my graceful swimming motion. If the sun's ray danced on my hair just right, beautiful colors would stream through the clear utopian water. After supper each night everyone collected on the large screened-in front porch. The grown-ups drank cans of cold Coors beer while my brother and I sipped cans of Sprite or 7-up. Lightening bugs danced in the near darkness while crickets sang to the melody. After a time the porch light came on and a card game would emerge for the men to play. My mother and Mrs. Tailor would stay at their seats to talk or share recipes. Forest and I shared the responsibility of getting cold beer from the kitchen keeping all satisfied. On one occasion I asked to join the game. Surprisingly, I was more than welcome; Forest was invited too but declined. He was more interested in finding a Mason jar to collect lightning bugs. I received a quick lesson in the poker game, Five card draw. As poker is mostly played with cash, each

Understanding Anthimeria in Language

Understanding Anthimeria in Language Anthimeria is a rhetorical term for the creation of a new word or expression by using one part of speech or word class in place of another. For example, in the slogan for Turner Classic Movies, Lets Movie, the noun movie is used as a verb. In grammatical studies, anthimeria is known as a functional shift or conversion. The word comes from the Greek, meaning one part for another. Anthimeria and Shakespeare In the National Review in 1991, Linda Bridges and William F. Rickenbacker discussed William Shakespeares use of anthimeria and its impact on the English language. Anthimeria: Use of a word that is normally one part of speech in a situation that requires it to be understood as a different part of speech. In English, and this is one of its greatest virtues, almost any noun can be verbed. Indeed, one can read scarce a page of Shakespeare without running across some new verb hatched out of his teeming loin. To scarf, for example, was the verb implied in Hamlets speech, where he says, My sea-gown  scarfd  about me.   Ben Yagoda wrote about Shakespeare and anthimeria in The New York Times in 2006. Lexical categories are quite useful. They make possible not only Mad Libs but also the rhetorical device  anthimeria - using a word as a  noncustomary  part of speech -   which is the reigning figure of speech of the present moment. Thats not to say its a new thing. In Middle English, the nouns duke and lord started to be used as verbs, and the verbs cut and rule shifted to nouns. Shakespeare was a pro at this; his characters coined verbs -   season  your admiration, dog them at the heels and such nouns as design, scuffle and shudder. Less common shifts are  noun  to adjective (S.J. Perlmans Beauty Part), adjective to noun (the Wicked Witchs Ill get you, my pretty) and adverb to verb (to down a drink).This functional shifting, as grammarians call it, is a favorite target of language mavens, whose eyebrows rise several inches when nouns like impact and access are verbed. Anthimeria in Advertising Yagoda discussed the use of anthimeria in advertising in the Chronicle of Higher Education in 2016. The ubiquity of ads spreads the use of new words, well, like crazy. Ads using  anthimeria  are everywhere. They can be divided into several categories, and I’ll start with the most popular. Adjective Into NounMore Happy - SonosBring the Good - Organic Valley MilkWatch All the Awesome - go90Where Awesome Happens - XfinityWe Put the Good in Morning - Tropicana . . .Noun Into VerbCome TV With Us - HuluHow to Television - AmazonLet’s Holiday - Skyy vodkaAdjective Into AdverbLive Fearless - Blue Cross Blue ShieldBuild It Beautiful - Squarespace . . . I am second to no one in my appreciation for anthimeria and the way it gooses the English language. But at this point, it’s a lazy, played-out cliche, and any copywriters who continue to resort to it should be ashamed of themselves. Examples of Anthimeria Kate: Hes still in the rec room, right?Hurley: I moved him to the boathouse. You just totally Scooby-Dood me, didnt you? -   Eggtown, Lost, 2008Ive often got the kid in my minds eye. Shes a dolichocephalic Trachtenberg, with her daddys narrow face and Jesusy look. -   Saul Bellow, More Die of Heartbreak (1987)Flaubert me no Flauberts. Bovary me no Bovarys. Zola me no Zolas. And exuberance me no exuberance. Leave this stuff for those who huckster in it and give me; I pray you, the benefits of your fine intelligence and your high creative faculties, all of which I so genuinely and profoundly admire. Thomas Wolfe, letter to F. Scott FitzgeraldCalvin and Hobbes on Verbing:Calvin: I like to verb words.Hobbes: What?Calvin: I take nouns and adjectives and use them as verbs. Remember when access was a thing? Now its something you do. It got verbed. Verbing weirds language.Hobbes: Maybe we can eventually make language a complete impediment to understanding. -   Bill Watterson, Calvin an d Hobbes

A Day in the Life of Alex Sander

I had to plunge in and make a lot of snap decisions in these areas. Looking back, I can see one poor strategy decision, but on the whole my judgment has been right on target. And if being pushy and commanding is the only way to get the job done—to get two new products out in one year—then it’s worth it to me. Even if I have to steamroll over someone’s feelings, or ignore the way a colleague would like to handle a project. Sander: Well, I get ticked off pretty easily. For example, I can’t stand explaining something more than a couple of times. But what really bothers me is lack of commitment—for example, if a long-time employee isn’t willing to put in extra hours to meet an important deadline. But you know what? After I really become angry, there are people at Landon whose output will jump for at least a couple of weeks afterwards. My temper is actually an effective management tool. 9:00 A. M. Leong nodded apologetically to Garrison as she left and said, â€Å"The interviewer from your alumni magazine is here. † The magazine was interviewing Sander for an article on â€Å"high-potential† product managers as part of a career development issue. He did not want to further embarrass Garrison, a 20-year veteran of the company, by interrupting; still, he needed to talk to Sander. op yo Neighbor: I remember you mentioning some sparks with your assistant when you first started at Landon. rP os t A Day in the Life of Alex Sander: Driving in the Fast Lane at Landon Care Products | 2177 and so on. But you’re never in charge of your own creation. That’s the main reason I accepted a job at Landon. Landon is a pretty small shop, and I’ve been involved in every detail of my product launches. I’ve really enjoyed the strategy piece—gathering data about market share, figuring out the most profitable positioning for my brands. As a product manager, you have to talk to RD, then work with market research to see whether you have a feasible idea that will attract consumers. Then you work with advertising. You partner with all the departments to synchronize the program’s details. A product manager must ensure a targeted, quality product, whose distinctive features will be clear to the target consumer. Then you have to make the product right and get it to market. At that moment, Sander’s BlackBerry buzzed and, with a quick apology, Alex picked up the call. â€Å"I need to get a piece of data from this market researcher before my team meeting this afternoon,† Sander explained. While waiting for Sander to finish, the interviewer glanced around Alex’s office. It was large for so new a product manager, and the interviewer noted the award plaques on the credenza behind Sander’s desk. Sander finished the brief phone call, and the two continued talking. For the last question, the interviewer asked, â€Å"Alex, in your opinion, which type of person is best suited to being a product manager?

Scientific Method Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

Scientific Method - Assignment Example The Roman Catholic Church denied the heliocentric view and suggested that people that believed this view were heretics (Young, 2006) because it contradicted some of the passages in the Bible. Many of the new scientific discoveries were thought to be at odds with the teachings of Christ and therefore were not accepted in the eyes of many Christians at the time (and some are still not accepted). This made it very difficult for scientists to publish their works for fear of being ostracized from society. Spinoza believed that there was only infinite substance, in contrast to Descartes’ dualistic view that there is infinite and finite substance. He also rejected the thought that there is a ‘thinking substance’. Protestant values are thought to have encouraged the development of scientific thought by separating Church from state and therefore allowing these ideas to be published and spread legally and politically. The Catholic Church began to have less power and therefore science had the freedom to

The time of your life by William Saroyan Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

The time of your life by William Saroyan - Essay Example The bar is the site of connections and synergy among the different characters. For that matter the place can also be considered as a venue where different (Saroyan 4). Characters of the Play The different characters in the play are representatives of the types of people in the society. The owner named Nick is one the primary characters in the play since he is the owner of the venue. He is interested in helping people in different aspects, specifically those who share their views and their souls in his bar (Saroyan 5). Based on his character in the play, he can be analyzed as an open person who wanted to be involved with his clients in a more intimate level, so as to help them in even simple way, that is by making them feel at home in the bar. Based on his appearance he can be judged as a person who had a loud and proud demeanor, which can either be revolting or comforting to the clients. The main character is Joe, who is a ‘young loafer with money and a good heart.’ He i s in the bar owned by Nick. His character is the focal point of the plot. He is responsible for the different events that occurred through the play. One of the evident actions that can be attributed to his character is encouraging other characters in the plot to share their eccentricities (Saroyan 6). ... His admiration made him his errand boy, stooge and friend of the main character. According to him, Joey saved him in one occasion that changed his life, thus, he considered him as a hero. Tom is a representative of appreciative and often times fanatic people who based their objectives and way of life on other people’s life decisions. By allowing Joey to be one of the most important persons in his life, even decisions such as the partnership with a woman are also influenced by Joey’s opinions. Joey sets him up with a prostitute named Kim Duval (Saroyan 7). Kitty Duval is the prostitute who’s being matched to Joey. She is referred to in the text as the ‘young woman with memories.’ In the play she is projected as a delicate representative of the women in the society who are still beautiful regardless of the situations that they are in. She is described as a woman of strong heart and ‘angry purity’ by Joe, thus, he tried to match her with To m (Saroyan 7). In Kitty Duval’s character, the author honored the strengths of women. By recognizing her purity amidst the imperfections brought about by the world of survival, Saroyan expressed the importance of the role of the woman. There are other colorful characters in the bar, such as Arab who is an Eastern philosopher and harmonica-player. He has his own share of eccentricities which aside from his skills and talents also mutters at alone all the time. Joey referred to him as a ‘prophet in his own way because of the manner he voices out his musings on his own regarding the different aspects of his life, lives of other people and even the people on the newspaper (Saroyan 7). Other characters in the play are Kit Carson (an Indian-fighter); McCarthy (an intelligent, well-read

Soap Operas and the politics of everyday lives Essay Example for Free

Soap Operas and the politics of everyday lives Essay Language is use for communication and to convey our ideas. It can also be used as a social marker. It creates meanings and it is also considered as a source of power (Larson, :180). Power relations are also embedded in the langauge of soap operas. Soap operas are said to be reflections of reality, it mirrors the class struggle between the rich and the poor. It demonstrates how those who are in power easily manipulate the poor but later in the story the poor will be vindicated. This is the semantic dimension of language; solidarity and power assymetry of superior over inferior. Identification with both the hero and the heroine does not entail a cognitive choice, but draws upon a repertoire of unconscious process. Both is not a random object, but rather a particular commoditized human, routed through a system of signs with exchange value (Friedberg, 1990:109). To look at an object may mean various things in the subconscious mind, one is to grow like it by forcibly trying to imitate it. Working-class members are more inclined to identify with dramatic character, whereas people with higher cultural capital, including aesthetics, are more inclined to maintain a critical distance to the narrative. The ideological problematic of soap opera – the frame or field in which meanings are made, in which significance is constructed narratively – is that of ‘personal life’. More particular, personal life in its everyday realization through personal relationships. This can be understood to be constituted primarily through the representations of romances, families and attendant rituals – birth, engagements, marriages, divorce, and deaths. In Marxist terms this is the sphere of the individual outside waged labor. In feminist terms it is the sphere of women’s ‘intimate oppression’ (Brunsdon, 1997:58). The spectator is a person who experiences little, who feels that he [sic] is a â€Å"poor wretch to whom nothing of importance can happen,† who has long been obliged to damp down, or rather displace, his ambition to stand in his own at the hub of world affairs; he longs to feel and to act and to arrange things according to his desires†¦ And the playwright and the actor enable him to do this by allowing him to identify himself with a hero†¦ His enjoyment is based on an illusion. (Freud, 1990:89). By identifying with the person onscreen, the person is displacing oneself, which Freud suggests as â€Å"blowing off steam†. Identification with the actor serves the audience to make this an outlet for unfulfilled desires, by identifying with the performer, one would create a venue where the actor serves as a tool for the satisfaction of the viewer. The viewer puts himself in the actor’s place and relates with all the ups and downs that the actor experiences in his life. The actor’s success is also the fan’s success. Soap operas are usually criticized by the stereotypical and unrealistic manner in which they portray women, which confirms them more in their subordination in the society. According to Brunsdon, there was a feminist rejection of soaps which is in effect homologous with the traditional cultural contempt for soaps. This was followed by a certain reevaluation which coincides across the women’s movement of conventionally feminine skills such as embroidery and the admission of enjoyment in some of the pleasures of traditional femininity, like dressing up. ‘Heroine television’ is centrally about female characters living their lives, usually working both inside and outside the home, usually not in permanent relationships with men, sometimes with children, and trying to cope. Soap opera is not quite ‘heroine television’ but it was mainly attractive to feminists as an object of analysis because it was perceived to be both for and about women. The ‘personal is political’ is the most resonant and evocative claim of the 1970s western feminism. If the personal is political, if it is in the home, in relationships, in families, that women’s intimate oppression – or the oppression of women as women – is most consensually secured, then the media construction and representation of personal life becomes fascinating and an urgent object of study. If the traditional leftist critique of the media, with its structuring sense of class conflict, was drawn to the reporting of the public world – to industrial disputes, to the interactions of state and broadcasting institutions, to international patterns of ownership and control – emerging feminism scholarship had quite another focus. The theoretical impulse of feminism pushed scholars not to the exceptional but to the everyday. So the theoretical conviction that there was politics to everyday life and that women’s hidden labor in the home was essential to capitalism coincides with the actual generic distribution of women on television (Brunsdon, 1997:57). Television is very important in the struggle for meaning and representation, especially in the construction of daily life common sense. Television can fortify the existing cultural domination by presenting inequality as normal or contribute, in special cases, to subversion by providing discourses which present it as oppressive and illegitimate, or offering possibilities for alternative reading (Vink, 1988:124). In most soap operas, women are seen as commodities that are subordinate to men, yet women can kill in order to get the man she loves. The poor are manipulated to the rich man’s desires and are helpless to fight back. Women are subjected to physical violence or symbolic oppression. Thus, resonates male dominance in the society. Women as inferior entity while men are the superior ones (Larson, :185). In these lopsided relations, the poor are powerless against the people in power. This powerlessness further widens the gap between the rich and the poor. The use of language of a particular group can de attributed to their class position in the society. Social class can be a combinationof wealth, power and prestige. Likewise, it is also attached to individuals or group of individuals relationship to economic production. A persons class position is determined by their economic power (Labov, 1997:45). Because soap operas are viewed on primetime, which means that the whole family is able to watch since the children are back from school and the husband is back from work, soap operas have a bigger audience. They see on television acts rendered on the poor and females thus making the viewers docile and passive. Consequently, they refrain from doing things that are not supposed to be done by their class which is to assert their rights. Soap operas also justify violence and show that it is just part of normal occurrence. Thus it is accepted that women, poor and orphaned children may be maltreated, exploited or beaten up; men can beat up their wives and use alcohol as an excuse; and the privileged status of spoiled brats in convent uniforms give them a right to abuse household help. The treatment an authority imposes on everyday life seems to be so strong that people project it onto the speech of the characters and refer to them while placing themselves in a subordinate position in this fictive relationship (Fachel, 1985:216). Television, as a dominant cultural industry, plays a central role in imposing a view of this type of social world. The understanding of the power relations in society and of the categories necessary for them is the basis of political struggle which the powerful appropriate to themselves. Another effect of the television is that people can relate more to the celebrities than to their neighbors. Example of this is the death of Rico Yan which was given too much hype by the media. Most poor went out of their way to view his body as it lay in state. His death even surpassed that of National Artists who died almost the same week as the young actor. The people’s sympathy is even stronger for someone who they do not have ties with than with people form their own packages. Because a celebrity’s life is an open book, they know more about that person than their next-door-neighbors. In the Philippines, a person, an actor, can be voted in the highest position in the land. Because of extensive media mileage a person can get elected. An important factor is identification with the personality. In urban poor areas, people usually identify with someone they see on television as â€Å"one of them†. If the actor portrays roles as the hero of the masses, then this will be what people will remember off screen. They are voted because the people think that since they have already portrayed the role therefore they are presumed to have the background and experience regarding governance. Watching soap operas during prime time also contributes to the disintegration of families. These hours are the only time that members of the family are present in the households and should be the venue for family gathering during dinner. This should serve as the time to talk about what happen during the day, instead the members of the family are in front of the television watching soap operas. Instead of eating in the dining table, some members of the family eat in front of the television so that they would not miss a scene in the soap opera. The only time where they could talk and bond as a family is robbed by the viewing of telenovelas. Though soap operas can also contribute to the topics that are discussed, the things that happened in the soaps would be discussed to friends during the afternoons and not with the family members. After watching soap operas during prime time, it would be late in the evening that there is no more time to interact with one another. People can relate to the events in soap operas because somehow it is also what they are experiencing in their daily lives thus art reflects life. By watching telenovelas, they can pick up something that can somehow relieve the burden of their problems. But whether this can solve their problems is another story. Passivity and acceptance of their lot is the order of the day. It is precisely this confrontation between fiction and reality which can have a subversive effect: showing the viewer that reality can be different, that class and/or gender oppression are not natural but changeable. It is not only identification with telenovelas heroes or heroines, but also with the villains that can open the eyes of the viewers to the fact that life can be different. This can produce a suspension of the immediate attachment to the existing social world and is, as such, a first step in the process of emancipation, a precondition of collective action, based on a common identity (Vink, 1988:169). Soap opera viewers should be able to distinguish between reel and reality. Even if there are some celebrities with good credentials who can be elected for a public position, being an actor and the role that one portrays should not be the only factor why they are voted. Instead of portraying reality, media in this case shapes the perspective and view of people according what they media want to represent. Watching soap operas should also be limited because they create stereotypes and limit critical thinking among its viewers. Also, family disintegration would continue if members of the family would continue to ignore each other by watching television. The family is still the most important unit in a society. Instead of just identifying themselves with the actors and actresses in soap operas, the viewers should know that they can do better than just identify themselves with them. As individuals they also have the capacity to succeed on their own without just being satisfied by what their idol accomplishes because they can also do the same.

Laser Technology :: essays research papers fc

The laser is a device that a beam of light that is both scientifically and practically of great use because it is coherent light. The beam is produced by a process known as stimulated emission, and the word "laser" is an acronym for the phrase "light amplification by stimulated emission of radiation." Light is just like radio waves in the way that it can also carry information. The information is encoded in the beam as variations in the frequency or shape of the light wave. The good part is that since light waves have much higher frequencies they can also hold much more information. Not only is the particle the smallest light unit but it is a particle as well as a wave. In beams of light whether they are ordinary natural or artificial the photon waves will not be traveling together because they are not being emitted at exactly the same moment but instead at random short bursts. Even if the light is of a single frequency that statement would also be true. A laser is useful because it produces light that is not only of essentially a single frequency but also coherent, with the light waves all moving along in unison. Lasers consist of several components. A few of the many things that the so-called active medium might consist of are, atoms of a gas, molecules in a liquid, and ions in a crystal. Another component consists of some method of introducing energy into the active medium, such as a flash lamp for example. Another component is the pair of mirrors on either side of the active medium which consists of one that transmits some of the radiation that hits it. If the active component in the laser is a gas laser than each atom is characterized by a set of energy states, or energy levels, of which it may consist. An example of the energy states could be pictured as a unevenly spaced ladder which the higher rungs mean higher states of energy and the lower rungs mean lower states of energy. If left disturbed for a long time the atom will reach its ground state or lowest state of energy. According to quantum mechanics there is only one light frequency that the atom will work with. There are three ways that the atom can deal with the presence of light either it can absorb the light, or spontaneous emission occurs, or stimulated emission occurs.

Admission Essay Into Masters Of Science In Nursing

Nursing, I believe, is a profession that requires a caring attitude. This is the attitude that I currently foster as I trod down the path towards being a Licensed Practical Nurse. In the course of my research, I have learned about the Masters of Science in Nursing , Family Nurse Practitioner (MSN-FNP) Track program at the University of Tennessee, Memphis.The contents of the course seem very challenging as it involves several methods of instructing and equipping of the students. I have learned that the curriculum is a competency-based curriculum where the student can learn through a modified self-paced manner.The features in the course curriculum that appeal to me most are the nursing skill laboratory demonstrations as well as using audiovisual and computer educational programs and equipment. These two features are very vital in immersing students in the most thorough way possible in the Masteral aspects of Nursing.I was impressed upon seeing that clinical experts are actively involve d in programs of practice. Even the courses are technologically advanced as the courses in the MSN program are Web-mediated. The MSN program helps develop an advanced level of clinical competence that will surely give consumers with competent health care. It shall also develop a research base for a systematic review, testing and evaluation of nursing care actions.That means, there is a responsibility built into it. The research and practice foundation are also up to par with the higher studies that could be pursued later.As a nurse, one is responsible for the recovery and the safety of people who are immensely ill or injured people. A nurse is also tasked to maintain the health of those people who are already healthy. This role is important because of the range and scope of conditions that a nurse has to attend to.Knowing all of this, I have looked back and have seen that my passion for caring for other people when they are physically unable to care for themselves has prompted me to serve others as a nurse. I have also been exposed to the plight of the several millions of people in the world who are in need of medical and physical aid.This is one of my burdens as an applying masteral student of nursing—to know advanced skills in the care of the sick and to help cope with their pain and replace it with relief and cure.My academic goals are to be able to start strong and finish strong. I expect and want nothing else but the highest marks in each and every subject as I truly have a passion for the nursing profession. I hope to become a highly competent nurse and I am dead-set on making it a reality.I have also discovered that there are nursing career advancement opportunities available for those who are already registered nurses. These programs are specifically tailor-fit to my professional goal that is to continue on improving my career and myself. The programs for advancement focus on the strengthening of leadership capabilities and improvement of qualit y of care.I hope to be able to respond better in situations when utmost care is needed. For instance when I was assigned in the n the emergency room, I noticed an informal power structure that emerges as a result of routine interaction among multi-disciplinary healthcare staff that variably consists of ER aids, nurses, physicians, and social workers; sometimes even housekeeping and accounting staff.Here, power emanates not from hierarchy or status but from the demands of particular emergency situations. Usually the person who has more knowledge and ability to respond to the problem at hand exercises more power and induce others to take his lead.This informal power structure depends more on interdependence among department staffs since they are not within a bureaucratic relationship; that is, they do not have a boss-subordinate relationship. Circumstances compel them to share on the responsibility and accountability for particular situations, especially those involving life and death .Taking responsibility for my life now involves self-management competency. I believe in effective self-management that will do well in this new phase of my life. Often, when things do not go well, people tend to blame their difficulties on the situations in which they find themselves or on others.I have learned that effective self-management does not fall into this trap. Self-management competency includes integrity and ethical conduct and personal drive and resilience.My learning insight is that self-management does require much time and effort. I remember what Dee Hock, the man who built the powerhouse Visa card used by half a billion customers worldwide when he would often say to managers, â€Å"Invest at least 40 percent of your time managing yourself—your ethics, character, principles, purpose, motivation and conduct.†That is why I would like to invest myself in becoming an efficient and effective nurse at this University. I have the drive to do well in my batch and I also have the passion and burden for helping those who are physically ill.As a nurse, I will be able to both fulfill my professional goals as well as take the career path that I always see myself in. I will always be happy as a nurse because I am assured that I am doing a great service to those who are in need.REFERENCEMaster of Science in Nursing. The University of Tennessee. Retrieved Feb. 1, 2007 at:http://www.utmem.edu/nursing/academic%20programs/MSN/index.php

NPV method

This report focuses on three Important areas of financial management namely Capital structure, Management of Working Capital and Investment appraisal. While the flirt two parts of the report analysis Apple's activities, the last part of the report is related to the given scenario. The first part of the report evaluates Apple's capital structure. After determining the company's capital structure, the report will evaluate different financing options for the company's capital investments. The analysis involves the cost of debt and equity. The aim Is to justify the financing decision for a Eng term.The second part of the report evaluates the performance of Apple's working capital management practices. This part relies on the ratio analysis. Current Ratio, Debtors, Creditors and Inventory days will be calculated over a three years period. The data is gathered from the Yahoo Finance. In order to make the analysis more meaningful there will be a benchmarking with a main competitor. The last part of the report conducts NAP analysis to find out the best investment option for the given scenario. The project with the highest NAP is likely to be most beneficial for the company.Subsequently conclusions will be drawn. Reason for Choosing Apple for this study I have a personal interest in this company as it is seen the most successful company in the world at the moment. I will be able to learn from the best practice. Capital Structure and Financing Decision A firm's optimal capital structure is the mix of debt and equity that minimizes the weight cost of capital of the firm. When the cost of capital is minimized, the total value of firm's shares are maximized. As a result the minimum cost capital structure is called as the optimum capital structure. (Moyer et al. 012) According to Moles et al. (201 1) managers decide on the optimum capital structure based on the trade-offs between the benefits and costs of debt. The fact that there are a number of different benefits and costs associated with the use of debt flagging suggests that managers will balance these different options. Moles et al. (2012) explains that debt can be cheaper as debt is less risky than the equity. In addition, there is a tax advantage with debt financing as interest expenses are generally tax deductible. Another world, the company pays less tax if they use debt financing.However, a company can go into liquation If It cannot payback Its debts of Interest obligations. According to Apple's financial statements on Yahoo Finance (2012) over the last three years period (2009, 2010 and 2011 ) the company did not have any long term debt as well as short term debt. While the company's retained earnings increased from $23. 4 billion in 2009 to $37 billion in 2010 and this figure reached to $63 billion in 2011, the company financed its projects through retained profits. The company was able to do this because It had large profits. Apple's net profits were $8. Lion, $14 billion and $25. 9 billio n In 2009, 2010 and 201 1 respectively. According to the Apple's Annual and $1. 3 billion in 2011, 2010 and 2009 respectively. Currently the company is using equity option to finance its capital expenditure. According to BBC (2012) this year the company announced $2. 65 per share quarterly dividends. This is the first dividend payment since 1995. As the company does not pay regular dividends, it is not meaningful to calculate the company's cost of equity using the divided valuation model. However, the market prices of Apple shares increased almost 22% in 2011.Therefore, it can be said that Apple's cost of equity is quite high. In conclusion, currently Apple finances its capital projects through equity financing. With a possible debt financing the company is likely to reduce its cost of capital. This could be a good idea if the company's profit figures start to decline. According to the financial statements of the company Apple did not have any short term or long term loans between 2 009 and 2011. Analysis of working capital management Working capital management concerns with organizing a company's short term sources to sustain ongoing activities mobiles funds and optimism liquidity.It further dropped to 1. 61 in 2011. The company's figures can be compared with the Blackberry manufacturer RIM. RIM's current ratios are higher than Apple's in 2010 and 2011. RIM 2011 2010 2009 current Ratio 2. 08 2. 06 2. 39 The main reason for the decline in Apple's current ratio is decline in debtor and from 2010 to 2011. In the same period, the inventor days decline from 9. 3 days to 4. 4 days. This indicates that the efficiency of the company's working capital management as they were able to receive the money from debtors faster and to keep fewer inventories.The company also was able to keep creditors days high with 135. 5 days. Consequently the company's current ratio declined dramatically in recent years. However, this decline should be seen as a positive development as the c ompany has been leaner in recent years. Therefore, the figures above indicate the company's working management practices are successful. Investment Appraisal with NAP method Net present value (NAP) of a project is the sum of the present values of all its cash flows, both outflows and inflows. The rate used to discount the cash flows must be consistent with the project's risk.Another word, if the project risky then higher discount rates should be used when appraising the investment options. The same company might use different discount rates for its difference projects depending on a rockiness of the project. (Graham and Smart, 2011) According to Graham and Smart (2011) the companies can invest in any projects if the NAP figure is positive as any positive figure will increase the value of the company. The table below demonstrates the NAP calculations for an investment option. Delta Printing is considering buying machinery and there are three different purchase options.The machines ca n be used for a six-year period. After six year Machine A and B can be sold with a scraped value. Initial cost of each options are as follows; El m for Machine A, CHEEK for machine B and CHEEK for Machine C. According to the initial cost figures the Project C is the best option as it requires less investment. However, there will be no scrapped value for Machine C. With the original figures, it is difficult to make a decision. In this case, NAP method can simplify the investment decisions. The cash inflows are discounted with the company's cost of capital of 15%.

What Is the Cauchy Distribution

What Is the Cauchy Distribution One distribution of a random variable is important not for its applications, but for what it tells us about our definitions. The Cauchy distribution is one such example, sometimes referred to as a pathological example. The reason for this is that although this distribution is well defined and has a connection to a physical phenomenon, the distribution does not have a mean or a variance. Indeed, this random variable does not possess a moment generating function. Definition of the Cauchy Distribution We define the Cauchy distribution by considering a spinner, such as the type in a board game. The center of this spinner will be anchored on the y axis at the point (0, 1). After spinning the spinner, we will extend the line segment of the spinner until it crosses the x axis. This will be defined as our random variable X. We let w denote the smaller of the two angles that the spinner makes with the y axis. We assume that this spinner is equally likely to form any angle as another, and so W has a uniform distribution that ranges from -Ï€/2 to Ï€/2. Basic trigonometry provides us with a connection between our two random variables: X tanW. The cumulative distribution function of X is derived as follows: H(x) P(X x) P(tan W x) P(W arctanX) We then use the fact that W is uniform, and this gives us: H(x) 0.5 (arctan x)/Ï€ To obtain the probability density function we differentiate the cumulative density function. The result is h(x) 1/[Ï€ (1 x2) ] Features of the Cauchy Distribution What makes the Cauchy distribution interesting is that although we have defined it using the physical system of a random spinner, a random variable with a Cauchy distribution does not have a mean, variance or moment generating function. All of the moments about the origin that are used to define these parameters do not exist. We begin by considering the mean. The mean is defined as the expected value of our random variable and so E[X] ∠«-∞∞x /[Ï€ (1 x2) ] dx. We integrate by using substitution. If we set u 1 x2 then we see that du 2x dx. After making the substitution, the resulting improper integral does not converge. This means that the expected value does not exist, and that the mean is undefined. Similarly the variance and moment generating function are undefined. Naming of the Cauchy Distribution The Cauchy distribution is named for the French mathematician Augustin-Louis Cauchy (1789 – 1857). Despite this distribution being named for Cauchy, information regarding the distribution was first published by Poisson.

Rosenfeld and the Chocolate factory Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

Rosenfeld and the Chocolate factory - Essay Example Rosenfeld and the Chocolate factory During the period 1969 to 2008, the company Cadbury was formally known as Cadbury Schweppes plc. This company was one of the finest confectioneries of UK and other countries. The company’s approach in managing the human resources and business strategy was very systematic and unique. The company followed the traditional human resource management principles and approaches. Most of the traditional human resource approaches use the external factors to determine the Human Resource (HR) policy of the company and resource utilization factors. Cadbury had always maintained a congenial and pleasant working atmosphere. Most of the industries during the period 1879 to 1899 in UK lacked trade unions. Cadbury was incurring meagre amount of losses during this period but still the management gave incentives to the workers. The company had become popular because of its employee friendly nature and the workforce increased from 230 to 2685 during the period 1879 to 1899. Traditionally it was be lieved that labour was a cheap source of capital but Cadbury believed that economizing on labour was unethical and the workers should be regarded as invaluable asset of the company (Price, 2007). Till now Cadbury has taken certain human resource initiatives like sharpening of employee learning skills by imparting extensive training program and conducting managing by value programs (Kozami, 2002). The program focused on interacting and understanding the values of the employees. The company was a member of organizations like Business in the Community and Institute of Business Ethics. (Simms, 2005). Cadbury Schweppes believed that for a successful company a set of business ethics is very important because it improves the productivity of the workers and employees. Cadbury Schweppes was taken over by Kraft Foods Group Inc in the year 2010 by ?11.5 billion (House of Commons, 2011). Employment Values of Kraft Food Group Inc The takeover of Cadbury over Kraft Foods was disapproved largely b y the employees of Cadbury and the Britishers. The employees of Cadbury were unsure about the security of their jobs. The management of Kraft had claimed that after the acquisition they would not shut down any of the Cadbury’s plants and had made some commitments to employees. Kraft had failed to keep its commitment by closing down the Somerdale factory which was one of the major chocolate manufacturing industries of Cadbury (House of Commons, 2010). Some economist believed that the management of Kraft lacked sufficient knowledge and expertise to operate the Somerdale Factory. The management of the Kraft Foods stated that it would honour the terms and condition given to workforce of Somerdale factory after the closure of the factory. The HR director of Kraft, Mr. Richard Doyle claimed that along with severance packages, a job centre facility was available to the workforce of Somerdale factory (House of Commons, 2010). The CEO of Kraft foods Ms. Irene Rosenfeld did not give an y specific job guarantees to the workforce of Cadbury. Kraft Foods is preparing to close the salary pension scheme that was provided to the workforce of Cadbury and cut up to 150 jobs. Moreover, the former employees of Cadbury have not been feeling safe and secure about their future. This can hamper the productivity of Kraft Foods. Answer 2 Organizational change of values and relationships Leadership

The genre of dystopian novel from We by Zamyatin to 1984 by Orwell Research Paper

The genre of dystopian novel from We by Zamyatin to 1984 by Orwell - Research Paper Example Therefore, Clute and Nicholl (p.361) defines dystopia as a fictional society or community, which is in some crucial way frightening or undesirable. Dystopias are most of the time characterized by dehumanization, environmental disasters, autocratic governments, and other traits associated with a catalystic decline in the society. We by Zamyatin and 1984 by Orwell can be categorized as dystopian stories because they are characterized with the following: backstory, hero, conflict, and climax. First, since back story is part of the fictional world, a back story is necessary of how this world came to be or how it evolved from our current world. Secondly, the hero/protagonist intuitively feels something is wrong within the society and sets out to alter it, such as D-503 in Zamyatin’s We and Winston Smith in George Orwell’s 1984 .Next, in the conflict, the protagonists meets and is sometimes assisted by a group of individuals who are also attempting to escape or destroy the dy stopia. Lastly, in the climax of dystopian literature like We by Zamyatin and 1984 by Orwell, the dystopia is often not brought down, thus the stories remain unresolved. The elements of dystopias differ from political, environmental and social issues. The dystopian societies as the one depicted in We by Zamyatin and 1984 by Orwell culminated in a wide series of sub-genres of fiction and were utilized to raise awareness of the real world issues in relation to environment, religion, society, politics, economics, technology, and psychology, if left unaddressed, led to a dystopia-like condition in the future. Currently, dystopias have taken the form of a multitude of speculations, for example, poverty, pollution, political repression, and societal collapse. We is a classic dystopian novel that was set in the 26th century. Its message of hope and warning is as timely as the end of the 20th century as it was in the beginning (Parrinder, p.18). Yevgeny Zamyatin was a marine engineer and a Russian writer wrote this novel in 1919-1921. The novel was written as a consequence of author’s personal experiences during his life in the Newcastle suburb of Jesmond, the Russian revolution of 1905, and 1917, as well as the during his work in the Tyne shipyards during the First World War (Thomas, 314). This book by Zamyatin is one which ended up influencing other dystopian authors such George Orwell and Aldous Huxley. Orwell’s 1948 is a futuristic piece of work that the novelist chose to turn inside out the last two numbers of the year he had authored it, 1948 into 1984 to depict issues that would be solved by that time. Zamyatin is hailed as the grandfather of satirical futuristic dystopia genre. He goes ahead and takes the totalitarian and confirmative concepts of modern industrial society to a very extreme conclusion, portraying a state that trusts in free will which is the source of unhappiness, and that the lives of the general public is controlled with the mat hematical precision founded on the system of industrial efficiency which was formulated by Fredrick Taylor (Clute and Nicholl, 85). An examination of myths and symbols show that Zamyatin’s work is easily comprehended as an internal drama of a conflicted modern man as compared to the external drama reality in a failed utopia. Furthermore, the city is laid out as a mandala which had many archeotypes and was subject to an archetypical conflict. The utilization of color and other forms of imagery depicts that Zamyatin advocated for the same subjectivist as had Kandinsky as well as other European Expressionist painters. Zamyatin’s We novel is considered to be the first dystopian novel, since it was influential in the formation of genre and important in any study of literature. Dystopian stories